Elbow Joint – Anatomy, Approaches and Radiographic Interpretation (

Question 1

What are the 3 bones of the elbow?

Answer 1

Humerus
Ulna
Radius

Question 2

What is a ginglymus?

Answer 2

Hinge joint

Question 3

What are the articulating structures of the elbow joint? (5)

Answer 3

Trochlea
Capitulum
Medial coronoid process
Lateral coronoid process
Ulnar notch

Question 4

What are the three joints of the elbow?

Answer 4

Humero-ulnar
Humero-radial
Radio-ulnar

Question 5

What is the role of the humero0ulnar joint?

Answer 5

restricts sagittal joint movement;

Question 6

What is the role of the humero radial joint?

Answer 6

responsible for most of the weightbearing

Question 7

What is the role of the radio ulnar joint?

Answer 7

pronation and supination

Question 8

Name the flexors of the elbow joint

Answer 8

Extensor carpi radialis m.
Biceps brachii m
Brachialis

Question 9

Name the extensors of the elbow joint

Answer 9

Triceps brachii m
Tesnor fascia antebrachia
Achoneal .

Question 10

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Tesnor fascia antebrachia

Answer 10

Extensor

Question 11

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Achoneal .

Answer 11

Extensor

Question 12

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Brachialis

Answer 12

Flexor

Question 13

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Biceps brachii m

Answer 13

Flexor

Question 14

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Triceps brachii m

Answer 14

Extensor

Question 15

Is this muscle an elbow joint extensor or flexor?
Extensor carpi radialis m.

Answer 15

Flexor

Question 16

The ? runs from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the radial tuberosity (cranial crus) and ulna (caudal crus).

Answer 16

Medial collateral ligament

Question 17

The ? originate at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and inserts at the radius (cranial crus) and ulna (caudal crus).

Answer 17

Lateral collateral ligament

Question 18

The ? runs from the medial part of the radial incisure around the radial head to the lateral part of the radial incisure.

Answer 18

Annular ligament

Question 19

The normal range of motion of the canine elbow joint is approximately from 35º flexion to 165º of extension. Beyond 135 degrees of extension, the elbow joint is primarily stabilised by the A) against pronation and the B) against supination.

Answer 19

A) Anconeal process
B) Lateral collateral ligaments

Question 20

What test is applied to test the integrity of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments?

Answer 20

Campbell

Question 21

Campbell test
Intact collateral ligaments allows what angle supination?

Answer 21

17-50 degrees

Question 22

Campbell test
Intact collateral ligaments allows what angle pronation?

Answer 22

31-70 degrees

Question 23

Which approach to the elbow is indicated in patients with OCD of the medial humeral condyle or medial coronoid disease.?

Answer 23

Medial approach

Question 24

What artery and vein will need to be ligated on the medial approach to the elbow?

Answer 24

The intermuscular branch of the recurrent ulnar artery and vein

Question 25

What is the normal range of motion of the elbow joint in a conscious Labrador Retriever?

Answer 25

130 degrees

Question 26

Where is the skin incision made on the medial approach to the elbow?

Answer 26

Start the skin incision at the distal third of the humerus, centre it on the medial humeral epicondyle and follow the ulnar shaft distally.

Question 27

Which nerve is in close proximity to the medial approach to the elbow?

Answer 27

Ulnar

Question 28

When incising the joint capsule on the medial approach to the elbow; which ligament must care be taken around?

Answer 28

Medial collateral

Question 29

Where are OCD lesions visible on the medial approach to the elbow?

Answer 29

Retraction of the joint capsule exposes the articular surfaces of the humeral condyle and the ulna. Osteochondritis dissecans lesions will be evident on the condyle at this point.

Question 30

Which way may the joint capsule need to be incised to expose the medial coronoid process?

Answer 30

Distal

Question 31

Which tendons of which muscle are distal to the humeroulnar joint? (2)

Answer 31

The tendon of the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles

Question 32

Which 2 motions of the antebrachium opens the joint space medially allowing better visualisation of the medial coronoid process.

Answer 32

Pronation
Adbduction

Question 33

What can be used on the medial approach to the elbow to retract the medial collateral ligament or annular ligament/biceps ulnar tendon?

Answer 33

Small hohmann retractor
Freer

Question 34

The Approach to the Lateral Region of the Humeral Condyle and Anconeal Process is indicated to? (3)

Answer 34

Reattach/remove an ununited anconeal process;
Augment/replace the lateral collateral ligament in lateral elbow luxation;
Repair a lateral humeral condylar fracture.

Question 35

The radial nerve emerges from under the lateral and accessory heads of the ?muscle.

Answer 35

triceps

Question 36

Injury to the proximal radial nerve will result in which of the following clinical presentations?

Answer 36

Inability to extend the elbow and extend the carpus

Question 37

Following the subcut incision. What is incised next?

Answer 37

Deep brachial fascia between long and lateral heads of the triceps brachii

Question 38

Medial approach to the elbow:
Separate the heads of the triceps muscle and the long head of the triceps muscle from the..?

Answer 38

Anconeus muscle.

Question 39

What is One advantage of CT over arthroscopy for elbow dx?

Answer 39

the ability to assess subchondral bone (e.g. sclerosis, fissuring or fragmentation).