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Kines Exam 3 > Elbow Joint > Flashcards

Elbow Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the elbow is to serve the hand to

A

increase functional ROM of the upper extremity

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2
Q

stability

A

stable joint when performing forceful activities

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3
Q

mobility

A
  • bring hand close to body (functional activities i.e. eating)
  • reach object at a distance
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4
Q

biomechanically how does the elbow affect the function of the hand?

A

it helps maintain length-tension relationship

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5
Q

bones of elbow

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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6
Q

joints of elbow

A

humeroulnar
humeroradial
radioulnar (superior/inferior)

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7
Q

humeroulnar

A

hinge – 1 deg of freedom

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8
Q

humeroradial

A

hinge – 1 deg of freedom

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9
Q

radioulnar – superior/inferior

A

pivot – 1 deg of freedom

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10
Q

elbow flexion/extension

A

humeroulnar & humeroradial

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11
Q

elbow pronation/supination

A

radioulnar superior & inferior

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12
Q

bony stability of humeroulnar

  • ulna:
A

trochlea fossa

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13
Q

bony stability of humeroulnar

  • humerus:
A

trochlea

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14
Q

humeroulnar stability

  • coronoid process
A

increases resistance to posterior dislocation with flexion

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15
Q

humeroradial stability:

  • resistance vs. _________ & prevents __________ beyond 90 degrees
A

valgus stresses;

posterior dislocation

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16
Q

valgus stresser (elbow)

A

distal part of the arm deviates laterally

lateral- more compression
medial - more tensile forces

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17
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – ANTERIOR FIBERS

A

primary stabilizer vs valgus stress (20 -120)

STRONGEST PORTION IN TERMS OF medial stability

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18
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – OBLIQUE FIBERS

A

vs. valgus stress & assists in approximation

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19
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – POSTERIOR FIBERS

A

vs. valgus stress

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20
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A
  • fan
  • weaker
  • attaches to annular ligament
  • stabilizer vs. varus stress = poor tensile properties
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21
Q

anconeus assists in

A

stability vs. varus forces

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22
Q

varus stressors (elbow)

A

deviate medially

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23
Q

joint capsule encompasses:

A

humeroulna
humeroradial
proximal radioulna

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24
Q

carrying angle

A

long axis of humerus and long axis ulna (anatomical position)

  • — summary- line of the humerus compared to the angle of the radio ulna
  • trochlea extends further distally than the capitulum
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25
Q

normal deg of carrying angle

A

10 deg to 15 deg of valgus

– greater in females

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26
Q

trochlea extends ______ than the capitulum

carrying angle

A

further distally

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27
Q

the greater the carrying angle the greater the ______ stress on elbow, the greater the ______ forces medially, the greater the ______ forces laterally

A

valgus;
tensile;
compressive

28
Q

ROM flexion/extension of elbow

A

0 - 140 deg

29
Q

functional ROM

A

30 - 130

30
Q

elbow is predominantly a ________ motion (arthrokinematics)

A

gliding motion

31
Q

final 5-10 deg of flexion extension is ________ (arthrokinematics)

A

rolling

32
Q

___ (#) of muscles cross the elbow, can affect the movement of the ____ & ____

A

15;
wrist;
shoulder;

33
Q

muscle function depends on

A
  • location of muscles
  • elbow position and adjacent joints (active & passive insufficiency)
  • position of forearm
  • magnitude of applied load
  • type of contraction
  • speed of motion
34
Q

annular ligament prevents

A

dislocation of radial head

35
Q

annular ligament is lined with

A

articular cartilage

36
Q

annular ligament blends with

A

capusle

37
Q

annular ligament’s lateral aspect blends & is reinforced by

A

lateral collateral ligament

38
Q

Quadrate ligament

A

inferior edge of radial notch of ulna to the neck of radius

39
Q

quadrate ligament reinforces

A

the inferior aspect of the capsule

40
Q

quadrate ligament helps

A

the radial head maintain position
&
limits the rotation of the radial head

41
Q

superior radioulnar ligaments

A

annular

quadrate

42
Q

superior radioulnar joint

A
  • radial notch of the ulna
  • annular ligament
  • capitulum of humerus
  • radial head
43
Q

inferior radioulnar joint

A
  • ulnar notch of the radius
  • articular disk
  • head of the ulna
44
Q

inferior radioulnar ligaments

A
  • anterior & posterior radioulnar ligament

- interosseous membrane

45
Q

anterior & posterior radioulnar ligament

A

ulna head –> ulnar notch of radius

46
Q

interosseous membrane

A
  • binds radius & ulna together
  • transmits forces
  • taut in neutral
  • relaxed in supination/pronation
47
Q

radioulnar motion

A

pronation & supination

48
Q

AOR of the radioulnar joint

A

capitulum –> radial head –> upper 1/2 of radial shaft –> ulna styloid process

49
Q

radioulnar joint ROM pronation

A

70 degees
OR
80 degrees

50
Q

radioulnar joint ROM supination

A

85 degrees
OR
80 degrees

51
Q

in general, pronation and supination has _____ ROM

A

80 - 90 degrees

52
Q

functional ROM - pronation

A

50 deg

53
Q

functional ROM - supination

A

55 deg

54
Q

wrist finger flexor muscles from _________ of the humerus

except for _________

A

medial epicondyle

FDP – originates from the proximal 3/4 of the anterior & medial shaft of the ulna

55
Q

wrist finger extensor muscles from the ________ of the humerus

A

lateral epicondyle

56
Q

wrist/finger flexor/extensor muscles reinforce the

A

elbow joint capsule providing stability to the elbow complex

57
Q

flexors of the elbow

A

brachialis
biceps brachii
brachioradialis

58
Q

extensors of the elbow

A

triceps

anconeus

59
Q

pronators of the elbow

A

pronator teres
pronator quadratus
brachioradialis (weakly)

60
Q

supinators of the elbow

A

biceps brachii
supinator
brachioradialis (weakly)

61
Q

nursemaids elbow

A
  • annular ligament slides over the radial head & impinges
  • generally occurs from an extended/pronated pull
  • generally 1 - 3 years old (usually no older than 5)
  • can occur up to preteen
62
Q

nursemaid elbow is more likely to occur in _____ than ____

A

girls than boys

63
Q

nursemaid elbow is more likely to occur on the _____ side than the ______ side

A

left side than on the right side

64
Q

nursemaid elbow is most likely to redislocate _______ post injury

A

3-4 weeks

65
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

  • occurs at origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • —–> origin is thin therefore more prone to stressor forces
66
Q

golfer’s elbow

A

medial epicondylitis

  • occurs at flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres
  • less common
  • also overhead throwing injury –> valgus forces at elbow
67
Q

cubital tunnel

A

compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow

  • between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon
  • flexor carpi ulnaris stress

Kines Exam 3 (5 decks)

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