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Kines Exam 3 > Elbow Joint > Flashcards

Elbow Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the elbow is to serve the hand to

A

increase functional ROM of the upper extremity

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2
Q

stability

A

stable joint when performing forceful activities

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3
Q

mobility

A
  • bring hand close to body (functional activities i.e. eating)
  • reach object at a distance
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4
Q

biomechanically how does the elbow affect the function of the hand?

A

it helps maintain length-tension relationship

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5
Q

bones of elbow

A

humerus, radius, ulna

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6
Q

joints of elbow

A

humeroulnar
humeroradial
radioulnar (superior/inferior)

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7
Q

humeroulnar

A

hinge – 1 deg of freedom

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8
Q

humeroradial

A

hinge – 1 deg of freedom

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9
Q

radioulnar – superior/inferior

A

pivot – 1 deg of freedom

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10
Q

elbow flexion/extension

A

humeroulnar & humeroradial

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11
Q

elbow pronation/supination

A

radioulnar superior & inferior

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12
Q

bony stability of humeroulnar

  • ulna:
A

trochlea fossa

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13
Q

bony stability of humeroulnar

  • humerus:
A

trochlea

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14
Q

humeroulnar stability

  • coronoid process
A

increases resistance to posterior dislocation with flexion

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15
Q

humeroradial stability:

  • resistance vs. _________ & prevents __________ beyond 90 degrees
A

valgus stresses;

posterior dislocation

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16
Q

valgus stresser (elbow)

A

distal part of the arm deviates laterally

lateral- more compression
medial - more tensile forces

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17
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – ANTERIOR FIBERS

A

primary stabilizer vs valgus stress (20 -120)

STRONGEST PORTION IN TERMS OF medial stability

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18
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – OBLIQUE FIBERS

A

vs. valgus stress & assists in approximation

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19
Q

medial collateral ligament (triangular) – POSTERIOR FIBERS

A

vs. valgus stress

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20
Q

lateral collateral ligament

A
  • fan
  • weaker
  • attaches to annular ligament
  • stabilizer vs. varus stress = poor tensile properties
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21
Q

anconeus assists in

A

stability vs. varus forces

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22
Q

varus stressors (elbow)

A

deviate medially

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23
Q

joint capsule encompasses:

A

humeroulna
humeroradial
proximal radioulna

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24
Q

carrying angle

A

long axis of humerus and long axis ulna (anatomical position)

  • — summary- line of the humerus compared to the angle of the radio ulna
  • trochlea extends further distally than the capitulum
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25
normal deg of carrying angle
10 deg to 15 deg of valgus | -- greater in females
26
trochlea extends ______ than the capitulum | carrying angle
further distally
27
the greater the carrying angle the greater the ______ stress on elbow, the greater the ______ forces medially, the greater the ______ forces laterally
valgus; tensile; compressive
28
ROM flexion/extension of elbow
0 - 140 deg
29
functional ROM
30 - 130
30
elbow is predominantly a ________ motion (arthrokinematics)
gliding motion
31
final 5-10 deg of flexion extension is ________ (arthrokinematics)
rolling
32
___ (#) of muscles cross the elbow, can affect the movement of the ____ & ____
15; wrist; shoulder;
33
muscle function depends on
- location of muscles - elbow position and adjacent joints (active & passive insufficiency) - position of forearm - magnitude of applied load - type of contraction - speed of motion
34
annular ligament prevents
dislocation of radial head
35
annular ligament is lined with
articular cartilage
36
annular ligament blends with
capusle
37
annular ligament's lateral aspect blends & is reinforced by
lateral collateral ligament
38
Quadrate ligament
inferior edge of radial notch of ulna to the neck of radius
39
quadrate ligament reinforces
the inferior aspect of the capsule
40
quadrate ligament helps
the radial head maintain position & limits the rotation of the radial head
41
superior radioulnar ligaments
annular | quadrate
42
superior radioulnar joint
- radial notch of the ulna - annular ligament - capitulum of humerus - radial head
43
inferior radioulnar joint
- ulnar notch of the radius - articular disk - head of the ulna
44
inferior radioulnar ligaments
- anterior & posterior radioulnar ligament | - interosseous membrane
45
anterior & posterior radioulnar ligament
ulna head --> ulnar notch of radius
46
interosseous membrane
- binds radius & ulna together - transmits forces - taut in neutral - relaxed in supination/pronation
47
radioulnar motion
pronation & supination
48
AOR of the radioulnar joint
capitulum --> radial head --> upper 1/2 of radial shaft --> ulna styloid process
49
radioulnar joint ROM pronation
70 degees OR 80 degrees
50
radioulnar joint ROM supination
85 degrees OR 80 degrees
51
in general, pronation and supination has _____ ROM
80 - 90 degrees
52
functional ROM - pronation
50 deg
53
functional ROM - supination
55 deg
54
wrist finger flexor muscles from _________ of the humerus except for _________
medial epicondyle FDP -- originates from the proximal 3/4 of the anterior & medial shaft of the ulna
55
wrist finger extensor muscles from the ________ of the humerus
lateral epicondyle
56
wrist/finger flexor/extensor muscles reinforce the
elbow joint capsule providing stability to the elbow complex
57
flexors of the elbow
brachialis biceps brachii brachioradialis
58
extensors of the elbow
triceps | anconeus
59
pronators of the elbow
pronator teres pronator quadratus brachioradialis (weakly)
60
supinators of the elbow
biceps brachii supinator brachioradialis (weakly)
61
nursemaids elbow
- annular ligament slides over the radial head & impinges - generally occurs from an extended/pronated pull - generally 1 - 3 years old (usually no older than 5) - can occur up to preteen
62
nursemaid elbow is more likely to occur in _____ than ____
girls than boys
63
nursemaid elbow is more likely to occur on the _____ side than the ______ side
left side than on the right side
64
nursemaid elbow is most likely to redislocate _______ post injury
3-4 weeks
65
tennis elbow
lateral epicondylitis - occurs at origin of extensor carpi radialis brevis - -----> origin is thin therefore more prone to stressor forces
66
golfer's elbow
medial epicondylitis - occurs at flexor carpi radialis and pronator teres - less common - also overhead throwing injury --> valgus forces at elbow
67
cubital tunnel
compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow - between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon - flexor carpi ulnaris stress

Kines Exam 3 (5 decks)

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