Elbow, Forearm, Wrist, and Hand part 1 Flashcards
Primary role of the elbow
Position the forearm, wrist, and hand in the appropriate location to perform function
How many DoF for the elbow?
1 DoF (flexion - extension)
How is the elbow stabilized?
Mostly by ligaments and muscles around the elbow
Joints that performs the motion of the elbow?
Ulnohumeral (trochlear), Radiohumeral, Superior/Proximal Radioulnar Joints
Innervation of the elbow?
Branches of the Musculocutaneous, Median, Ulnar, and Radial Nerves
Most common dislocation of the elbow
Posterolateral
Cord-like shaped ligament of the elbow
Ulnar Collateral Ligaments
Cubital tunnel is created by what ligament?
Posterior Portion of the UCL
What passes through the cubital tunnel?
Ulnar nerve
Fan-shaped ligament of the elbow
Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex
portions of the LCL
Radial Collateral
Lateral Ulnar Collateral
T/F: The lateral structures of the elbow are stronger than the medial
True
The lateral side is more vulnerable to what?
Translation
Most common injured ligament of the elbow?
UCL
MOI for UCL injuries
Overuse; Repeated stress from overhead movement
T/F: the LCL is not susceptible to direct blows and traumas since it is stronger
False
Second most commonly injured ligament in the elbow
Lateral Collateral Ligaments
most active and intricate part of the UE
forearm, wrist, and hand
T/F: The elbow is highly dependent on inert structures, while the forearm, wrist, and hand, do not
False, both are highly dependent on inert structures
MOI for sprains/strains
excessive external force that would knock the bones out of place, causing forceful stretch on the ligaments
T/F: integrity of the shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand should be maintained in order for us to function in everyday activities
True
Compensations for the hand conditions are usually presented where?
Elbow and Shoulder
The forearm, wrist, and hand as a _____ role both as a motor and sensory organ
protective
Joint responsible for rotation of the wrist and hand
Distal radioulnar joint
Radiocarpal type of joint and DoF
Biaxial ellipsoid; 2 DoF
How much force is borne to the radius through the scaphoid during CKC?
60%
40% is borne on the ulna but is mostly borne where?
TFCC
Highly important in terms of keeping the stability of the proximal carpal bones onto the radiocarpal joint
Radioscapholunate ligament
Why is the radioscapholunate ligament is the most commonly injured ligament?
It keeps the wrist’s stability during FOOSH injuries
Where is the instability seen in injuries to the RSL ligament
scaphoid and lunate
Lunotriquetral Ligament is the ___ most commonly injured ligament of the proximal carpal bones
2nd
MOI for lunotriquetal ligament injuries
Wrist extension, radial deviation, and intercarpal supination
Shoulder = Labrum; Meniscus = Knee; Ulna & Triquetrum = ?
Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
the TFCC is usually damaged by?
forced extension c pronation (usual position to break a fall)
Alternating mobility and stability in the body’s joints are necessary in order for the body to function properly
Joint by Joint theory
Arch that has the carpal tunnel, distal row of carpal bones, cmc joint of the thumb, and the Capitate (keystone)
Proximal transverse arch
Arch that has the 2nd & 3rd MCP as the keystone
distal transverse and longitudinal arches
Usual age for Lateral Epi
35 y/o or older
MOI for lat epi
Overuse
Sx of Lat epi
aching, radiating pain present upon performance of elbow activities
MOI for nursemaid’s elbow
pull on the child’s developing annular ligament (nahila ng nanay or yaya yung forearm ng bata)
Clinical presentation for nursemaid’s elbow
Dec. supination & (+) pain on lateral side of elbow
Can a child develop lateral epicondylalgia?
yes, but very very rarely. most likely it is nursemaid’s elbow
FOOSH MOIs can predispose pts to injuries such as?
elbow disloc, wrist fx
Fall on a flexed elbow can lead to?
contusions, displacement of the radius and ulna on to the humerus
Lat epi = tennis elbow; Med epi =
Little Leaguer’s Elbow
T/F: FOOSH and forces on the tip of the elbow can lead to clavicle, ac joint, or labrum affectation
True
MOI for little leagure’s?
repetitive stress (esp in throwing)
Concomitant valgus sprain on the medial side will cause:
excessive compression on the lateral side
Most common sports in Little leaguer’s elbow
Tennis, Pickleball, or any racket sports with forehand grips; pitching (d/t the late cocking phase increasing valgus stress)
Why is Little Leaguer’s elbow most commonly seen in younger patients?
because of their not so developed inert elbow stabilizers
MCL/UCML sprain indicator?
Audible pop + pain & swelling
Centralized pop + weak elbow flexion
Distal biceps tendon rupture
