elbow // forearm // wrist Flashcards
carrying angle for m and f?
m - 10-15 degrees
f - >15 degrees
Wrist and distal ulnar-radial joint articulation
radius articulates to carpal bones
ulnar articulates indirectly via articular disc (attched to styloid process) to triquetrum
movement of elbow joints?
flexion and extension
which muscles cause flexion of elbow joint?
brachialis
biceps
brachioradialis
pronater teres
which muscles cause extension of elbow joint?
triceps
anconeus
movement of the radial-ulnar joints?
supination + pronation
which muscles cause supination of the radial-ulnar joints?
Supinator
biceps
EPL
ECRL
which muscles cause pronation of the radial-ulnar joints?
pronator quadratus pronator teres FC PL brachioradialis
movements of the wrist joint
extension
flexion
abduction
adduction
which muscles cause extension of the wrist joint?
ECU
ECRL
ECRB
which muscles cause flexion of the wrist joint?
FCU
FCR
which muscles cause abduction of the wrist joint?
FCR
ECRL
ECRB
which muscles cause adduction of the wrist joint?
FCU
ECU
Arteries of the area, in order:
brachial-> radial (lateral \+ ulnar (medial) -> common interosseus -> anterior + posterior (pierces interossesous membrane and goes behind)
what is the cubital fossa?
the space anterior to the elbow joint
important hings in the cubital fossa
brachial artery
median nerve
veins
types of venous return
superficial deep
superficial veins of the area, in order:
cephalic vein (lateral) basilic vein (medial) median cubital vein (taking blood) -> not always present
deep veins of the area in order:
follow arteries + venae comitantes
posterior interossesous veins
lymph drainage in the area
superficial and deep
larger run w veins
cubital lymph nodes
axillary nodes - drain distal parts of upper limb too
Nerves in the arm:
muscolocutaneous - anterior compartment+ sensory part of lateral forearm (lateral cutaneous nerve)
ulnar - via posterior component (behind medial epicondryle) - Flexor carpi ulnaris + flexor digitorum profundus + intrinsic muscles of the hand
medial - supplies forearm muscles + some hand
radial - all of the posterior muscles in arm n forearm + cuteanous innervation
the carpal bones:
proximal : scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate,
what happens at epicondyles of humerus?
attachment of forearm muscles
what happens at the condyle of humers:
capitulum ( radius) + trochlea (ulnar)
what happens at the styloid process of the ulnar + radius?
articulates w proximal row of carpal bones
what is the interossesous membrane?
separates the anterior and posterior compartments of hte arm
site of attachment for muscles in the forearm
details on the pisiform bone?
not involved w artiulcation w the
sesamoid bone = embedded in tissue
which muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm act over the elbow?
biceps - 2 heads merge to form tendon w two attachments, radial tuberosity + aponeurosis that merges w the fascia
brachialis - attachment to coronoid process of the ulnar.
(musculocutanous nerve)
which muscles in the posterior compartment of the arm act over the elbow?
triceps - 3 heads untie to form distal tendon that cross elbow joint = extension
aconeuous = stabilisation
Division of the anterior compartment of the FOREARM?
superficial and deep
muscles in superficial anterior compartment of the forearm: (x5)
Pronator Teres (PT) Flexor Carpi Radialis FCR Palmaris Longus PL Flexor digitorum superficialis FDS flexor carpi ulnaris FCU
muscles in deep anterior compartment of the forearm: (x3)
flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) flexor pollicis longus (FPL) pronator quadratus (PQ)
Where do superficial anterior compartment muscles originate?
common flexor tendon attaches to median epicondyle = common flexor attachment:
Pronator Teres (PT)
Flexor Carpi Radialis FCR
Palmaris Longus PL
flexor carpi ulnaris FCU
Flexor digitorum superficialis FDS
+ attachments on the shafts of bone + interosseous membrane
Fascia in the region:
palmaris longis (can be absent) leads to -> palmar fascia flexor retinaculum (band of tissue that binds the tendons)
terminology flexor = extensor = carpi = radialis = ulnaris= groups of digits= digitorum individual digits= pollicis indicis digiti minimi
superficialis
profundus
longus
brevis
anterior posterior wrist acts on radial side acts on ulnar side
4 fingers
thumb
index
little finger
superficial
deep
long
short
anatomical snuff box boundaries:
EPL tendon
EPB tendon
APL
importance of snuff box
branch of radial artery
palpate scaphoid - recurrent blood supply (from distal part of the bone)
joints in the region (4)
elbow
proximal radio-ulnar
distal radio-ulnar
wrist
Elbow joint made up off…
captiulum of humerus - radius
trochlea of humerus - ulnar
