Elbow, forearm and wrist Flashcards
Name the carpal bones.
1st row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
2nd row: hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium
What are the two articular surfaces of the distal humerus and what do they articulate with?
Capitulum: articulates with head of radius
Trochlea: articulates with head of ulna
What is the importance of the epicondyles of the humerus?
They are important sites of attachment of forearm muscles
Which fossae are present on the anterior side of the distal humerus?
Radial fossa Coranoid fossa (coranoid process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is flexed)
Which fossa is present on the posterior side of the distal humerus?
Olecranon fossa: olecranon process of the ulna slots in here when the elbow is extended
Where are tuberosities found near the elbow joint?
Radial tuberosity
Ulnar tuberosity
What are the 2 ridges running down the anterior and posterior of the radius?
Anterior oblique line
Posterior oblique line
What does the distal end of the ulna articulate with?
An articular disc (not with carpal bones)
What does the distal end of the radius articulate with?
Scaphoid + lunate
What separates the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?
Interosseous membrane
Which carpal bone is a sesamoid bone and which muscle tendon is it enclosed in?
Pisiform
It is within the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
What is the distal attachment of biceps brachii?
Radial tuberosity
+ aponeurosis merges with fascia of the region
What is the distal attachment of brachialis?
Coronoid process of ulna
What is the distal attachment of triceps?
Olecranon process of ulna
Which compartment are the flexors, extensors, pronators and supinators in?
Pronators + flexors: anterior
Supinators + extensors: posterior
Which muscles are in the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Palmaris longus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris
Which muscles are in the deep anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
What is the common flexor origin?
Medial epicondyle of the humerus – this is where most of the anterior compartment muscles (esp. superficial muscles) originate
Which of the superficial anterior compartment muscles does not cross the wrist?
Pronator teres
Describe the attachments of pronator quadratus.
Attached between the distal ends of ulna + radius
What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?
Flexor retinaculum
Which tendon is continuous with the palmar aponeurosis?
Palmaris longus tendon
(palmaris longus tendon isn’t present in everyone + before it spreads to form the palmar aponeurosis, it is attached to the flexor retinaculum)
Name all the muscles in the extensor compartment of the forearm.
Muscles that move the wrist: Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor carpi ulnaris Muscles that move the fingers: Extensor indicis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Muscles that move the thumb: Abductor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Others: Brachioradialis Supinator
Where is the common extensor origin?
Lateral epicondyle of the humerus