elbow anatomy

Question 1

what causes the carrying angle?

Answer 1

trochlea asymmetry relative to humerus

Question 2

what are the values for cubitus valgus?

Answer 2

average is 13, excessive exceeds 20-25 women > men about 2 deg

Question 3

what is a gun stock deformity and what causes it?

Answer 3

aka cubitus varus where the elbow is varus deviated 5 degree from midline - growth plate fx usually

Question 4

how does periarticular tissue surround the elbow?

Answer 4

articular capsule reinforced by medial and lateral collaterals

Question 5

describe the medial collateral

Answer 5

comprised of ant/post/transv fibers, anterior being the the strongest and stiffest

Question 6

how does the MCL get injured?

Answer 6

FOOSH or repetitive pitching/volleyball

Question 7

describe the lateral collateral complex

Answer 7

two fiber bundles (radial and lateral collateral ligaments)

Question 8

what manual movement can help improve elbow extension?

Answer 8

AP glide

Question 9

what is the capsular pattern of the elbow?

Answer 9

flexion more limited than extension

Question 10

what two ligaments are responsible for PRUJ approximation?

Answer 10

annular and quadrate ligaments

Question 11

what is the main job of the TFCC

Answer 11

primary stabilizer of the DRUJ

Question 12

what happens at the PRUJ and DRUJ during OKC supination?

Answer 12

PRUJ: radius spin

DRUJ: radius concave on convex

Question 13

what is the capsular pattern of the PRUJ and DRUJ?

Answer 13

pronation and supination equally limited

Question 14

what does IOM fibers have to do with anything?

Answer 14

they transmit force from the radius into ulna so that the force is approximately equal entering the humerus

Question 15

how much force is pushed through the distal radius?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

how does the wrist connect to the arm?

Answer 16

pretty much through the radius, not so much the ulna