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OCS prep > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

What motion (flex/ext) increases tension on UCL at elbow?

A

Flexion

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2
Q

What portion of UCL is strongest?

A

anterior

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3
Q

At what ROM is the posterior portion of the UCL most taut?

A

90 degrees of flexion

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4
Q

Which elbow flexor has the longest moment arm for flexion?

A

Brachioradialis

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5
Q

What is the primary supinator muscle?

A

biceps

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6
Q

What is the radial nerve called after leaving the supinator?

A

posterior interosseous nerve

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7
Q

What muscle does the ulnar nerve pierce?

A

FCU

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8
Q

Which forearm muscle is innervated by both median and ulnar nerves?

A

FDP

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9
Q

Which nerve roots does the radial nerve originate from

A

C5-8 (posterior cord)

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10
Q

Which nerve roots does the ulnar nerve originate from

A

C8, T1. medial cord

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11
Q

Which muscle does the median nerve run through in the forearm?

A

pronator teres

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12
Q

What motion (supination/pronation) occurs during initiation of flexion?

A

pronation

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13
Q

Which joint at the elbow transmits the majority of the weight through the forearm

A

radiocapitellar

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14
Q

What condition may lead to the radial head being required for stabilization of valgus stress?

A

UCL insufficiency

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15
Q

Following simple dislocation, when should functional mobility begin?

A

As soon as joint stability is achieved

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16
Q

Greater than ___ days immobilization following elbow dislocation increases risk of stiffness

A

14

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17
Q

What is long term outlook of simple elbow dislocation

A

95% return to previous occupation

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18
Q

Following olecranon fracture surgical intervention, which has higher rate of complication, ORIF or excision of bone fragment?

A

ORIF.

Similar ROM, strength, and stability

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19
Q

Is immobilization frequently used with simple, nondisplaced radial head fractures?

A

no

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20
Q

If splinting is used for radial head fx, which position has better outcomes?

A

full extension

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21
Q

What are potential indications for total elbow arthroplasty?

A 
advanced age
low physical demand
chronic instability
advanced RA
post-traumatic OA
ankylosis of elbow
22
Q

What ROM is expected following TEA

A

15-130 degrees

23
Q

What are lifting restrictions post TEA?

A

very light

1kg repeated, 5kg max

24
Q

What are the most common locations of heterotropic ossificans following elbow injury?

A

1) b/w brachialis and anterior capsule

2) between triceps and posterior capsule

25
Q

How common is heterotropic ossificans following significant elbow trauma?

A

Fairly common, up to 56% of fracture/dislocation.

Peak incidence is 2 months following injury

26
Q

What is the hallmark symptom of CRPS?

A

intraceable pain in nonperipheral nerve distribution. Evidence of edema with sensory and motor changes also present

Allodynia and hyperalgesia also common

27
Q

What may lead to chronic insufficiency of radial collateral ligament (3 items)

A

1) postural deformity-potentially following childhood fx
2) overuse of varus stress during weight bearing. (ex: crutch usage)
3) iatrogenic: lateral tendionpathy surgery

28
Q

What is typical mechanism of acute UCL tear

A

FOOSH

29
Q

Which phases of throwing most stress UCL?

A

cocking/late cocking-> acceleration

30
Q

Which portion of UCL most susceptible to injury?

A

anterior

31
Q

Which motion at elbow decreases UCL stress during throwing?

A

elbow flexion

32
Q

Which has a higher success rate for return to sport following UCL surgery, reconstruction or repair

A

reconstruction

33
Q

How far out of UCL surgery is throwing typically allowed?

A

4 months

34
Q

What is little leaguer’s elbow?

A

apophysitis/avulsion fracture of medial elbow

35
Q

What shoulder motion is typically found to be limited in throwers with UCL injury?

A

GHJ IR.

36
Q

When should eccentrics be introduced in patients with medial elbow tendinosis?

A

early in treatment, and should be sufficient load to elicit discomfort

37
Q

What patients may be candidates for medial elbow tendinosis surgery

A
  • failed PT
  • failed steroid injections
  • longer than 1 year symptoms
  • intra-articular symptoms
38
Q

What benefits for coritcosteroid use are there with elbow tendinopathy?

A

short term benefits, but worse than PT medium and long term

39
Q

What forms the cubital tunnel?

A

walls: medial condyle and olecranon
roof: aponeurosis
floor: UCL, joint capsule, olecranon

40
Q

What is success rate does non-operative management have with low level cubital tunnel syndrome?

A

50%

41
Q

What position is important to limit with cubital tunnel syndrome

A

excessive flexion- night splint at 30-45 degrees often utilized

42
Q

What motions/activities should be limited with cubital tunnel syndrome

A

flexion beyond 90 degrees
wrist and finger flexion
valgus stress

43
Q

With cubital tunnel syndrome, at what stage should aggressive STM be added to treatment?

A

later in rehab

44
Q

What hand symptoms are indicative of anterior interosseous nerve syndrome?

A

inability to make “ok” with hand.

Indicative of decreased FDP of index finger and FPL function

45
Q

Which is more likely to have motor symptoms, posterior interosseous or radial tunnel syndrome?

A

posterior interosseus. Radial tunnel is pain dominant

46
Q

If forearm band for lateral tendinopathy increases symptoms/weakness, what should be considered?

A

radial nerve involvement

47
Q

What differentiates PIN syndrome and radial tunnel syndrome?

A

RTS lacks motor involvement

48
Q

What populations are at risk for osteochondritis dissecans at elbow?

A

young female gymnasts and adolescent male baseball pitchers

49
Q

Healing time frame for osteochondritis dissecans?

A

return to activities at 3 mo, full activity at 6 mo

50
Q

What is likely to be primary sign of RA of elbow?

A

loss of extension

51
Q

Is there loss of joint space in elbow OA?

A

not typically, more common is presence of osteophytes and joint capsule contracture

52
Q

Elbow mwm cpg

A

Age under 49, strong on opposite grip, low pain free on involved side

OCS prep (12 decks)

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