Elbow

Question 1

Elbow AROM

Answer 1

Flex: 140-150o (T. approx)
Extend: 1 - (-10)o (Bone to Bone)
Pronate: 80-90o (T. Stretch)
Supinate: 90o (T. Stretch)

Question 2

Ulnohumeral Joint Positioning

Answer 2

Resting : 70o flex; 10o sup
Close packed: ext with sup
Capsular pattern: flexion, extension

Question 3

Varus Stress Test

Answer 3

With the patient’s elbow slightly flexed (20°), stabilize the forearm with one hand. Apply a varus force to the medial part of the elbow while palpating the LCL.

Testing: Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) instability

+ve: Excessive laxity, soft end feel, pain, or posterolateral joint instability.

Question 4

Valgus Stress Test

Answer 4

Stabilize the patient’s arm with one hand at the elbow and the other above the wrist. Apply an valgus force to the distal forearm while palpating the MCL.

Testing: Medial collateral ligament (MCL) instability

+ve: Pain, laxity, or decreased mobility.

Question 5

Cozen’s – Method 1

Answer 5

ACTIVE - Palpate the lateral epicodyle. Client must make a fist, pronate, radially deviate and extend. Examiner resists extension into flexion.

TESTING: Lateral epicondylitis

+ve: pain in lateraly epicondyle

Question 6

Mill’s – Method 2

Answer 6

PASSIVE - palpate the lateral epicondyle. Client makes a fist. Examiner will passively pronate the forearm, flex the wrist and extend the elbow.

TESTING: Lateral epicondylitis

+ve: Pain over the lateral epicondyle

Question 7

Lateral Epicondylitis Stress Test – Method 3

Answer 7

With the forarm on the table the examiner will resist extension of the middle finger distal to the PIP joint.

TESTING: Lateral epicondylitis

+ve: Pain over the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 8

Medial Epicondylitis Stress Test (Golfer’s Elbow)

Answer 8

Passive - examiner palpates the medial epicondyle while supinating the forearm and extending the elbow and wrist

TESTING: Medial Epicondylitis

+ve: Pain over the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 9

Pronator Teres Syndrome Test

Answer 9

The patient sits with the elbow flexed to 90°. The examiner strongly resists pronation while extending the elbow (hold forearm/wrist area).

TESTING: Median nerve compression & Pronator teres muscle

+ve: Tingling or paresthesia in the median nerve distribution in the forearm and hand (first three fingers and forth digit)