EL7 Blood, Sweat And Seas

Question 1

What is ionic bonding between?

Answer 1

Metals and non-metals

Question 2

Define lattice

Answer 2

Regular 3-dimensional arrangement of particles in a solid

Question 3

How do ions formed from ionic bonding ‘stuck together’?

Answer 3

Strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 4

What does it mean when an anion name ends in -ate?

Answer 4

1 or more non-metals bonded to oxygen

e.g. carbonate or nitrate

Question 5

What kind of ions do group 1 elements form?

Answer 5

+1 ions (cations)

Question 6

Are ionic substances soluble?

Answer 6

• dissolve in polar solvents (H2O)

- do NOT dissolve in non-polar solvents, no regions of positive/negative charge, no new bonds form

Question 7

Do ionic substance conduct electricity?

Answer 7

• solids do NOT

- molten/aqueous solution DOES; electrons can move and carry charge

Question 8

What type of atoms is metallic bonding between?

Answer 8

Metals

Question 9

Define giant metallic lattice

Answer 9

3D structure of positive metal ions and delocalised electrons held together by strong metallic bonds

Question 10

Is mp and bp of metallic lattice high or low?

Answer 10

• high

- lots of energy needed to break strong metallic bonds

Question 11

Are metallic lattices soluble?

Answer 11

• insoluble in polar and non-polar

Question 12

Can metallic lattices conduct electricity?

Answer 12

Yes; delocalised electrons carry charge

Question 13

Give properties of metallic lattices

Answer 13

• ductile; can be stretched
• malleable; hammered into shapes
• can be alloyed; mixed with other metals

Question 14

A substance has a high boiling point, poor solubility in polar and non polar substances and does not conduct electricity. What structure may this substance have?

Answer 14

Giant covalent

Question 15

Why can ionic substances conduct electricity when dissolved in water

Answer 15

The ions are mobile and can be attracted to charged electrodes.

Not the movement of free electrons!!!

Question 16

Describe the bonding in sodium hydroxide as fully as you can.

Answer 16

The sodium ion and hydroxide ion share an ionic bond.
The charge on the sodium is +1 and the charge on hydroxide is -1.
The hydroxide ion is made up of a oxygen atom and hydrogen atom covalently bonded.

Question 17

Write the formula for Sodium Chloride

Answer 17

Sodium is in group 1 so will form a +1 ion
Chlorine is in group 7 so will form a -1 ion
To balance the charges we would simply need 1 of each to give NaCl

Question 18

What do the following reactions make:
acid + alkali -->
acid + base -->
acid + carbonate --> 
acid + metal -->

Answer 18

acid + alkali –> salt + water
acid + base –> salt + water
acid + carbonate –> Salt + water + carbon dioxide
acid + metal –> salt + hydrogen

Question 19

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

Answer 19

An alkali is a soluble base

Question 20

Which sulfates will NOT dissolve in water?

Answer 20

barium, calcium, lead, and silver sulfates

Question 21

Which halides will NOT dissolve in water?

Answer 21

silver and lead halides

Question 22

Which carbonates will NOT dissolve in water?

Answer 22

All metal carbonates are insoluble

Question 23

Which hydroxides will NOT dissolve in water?

Answer 23

All except group 1 hydroxides and ammonium hydroxide.

Question 24

What do the following state symbols mean?
s = 
l = 
g = 
aq =

Answer 24

s = solid
l = liquid
g = gas
aq = aqueous = dissolved in water