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Elements of Life > EL7 > Flashcards

EL7 Flashcards

1
Q

How are cations and anions held together?

A

They are held in an electrostatic bond.

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2
Q

What charge does an OH ion have?

A

(OH)-

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3
Q

What charge does an ammonium ion have?

A

(NH4)+

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4
Q

What charge does a nitrate ion have?

A

(NO3)-

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5
Q

What charge does a hydrogen carbonate ion have?

A

(HCO3)-

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6
Q

What charge does an oxide ion have?

A

(O)2-

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7
Q

What charge does a carbonate ion have?

A

(CO3)2-

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8
Q

What charge does an sulfate ion have?

A

(SO4)2-

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9
Q

acid + alkali →

A

→ salt + water

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10
Q

acid + base →

A

→ salt + water

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11
Q

acid + carbonate →

A

→ salt + water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

acid + metal →

A

→ salt + hydrogen

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13
Q

Which ionic compounds are insoluble?

A
  • barium, calcium, lead and silver sulfates
  • silver and lead halides
  • all metal carbonates
  • metal hydroxides (except group 1 and ammonium hydroxides)
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14
Q

Why can aqueous solutions of salts conduct electricity?

A
  • Ionic substances are dissolved in water
  • Ions are surrounded by water molecules and spread out.
  • Once separated, ions behave independently.
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15
Q

What are spectator ions?

A

Ions that are not involved in a reaction.

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16
Q

What do ionic equations show?

A

The ions that take part in the reaction - excluding the spectator ions.

17
Q

How do you test for copper ions?

A
  • add sodium hydroxide
  • copper hydroxide formed
  • blue precipitate
18
Q

How do you test for iron(II) ions?

A
  • add sodium hydroxide
  • iron(II) hydroxide formed
  • dirty green precipitate
19
Q

How do you test for iron(III) ions?

A
  • add sodium hydroxide
  • iron(III) hydroxide formed
  • orange/brown precipitate
20
Q

How do you test for lead(II) ions?

A
  • add potassium iodide
  • lead iodide formed
  • bright yellow precipitate
21
Q

How do you test for chloride ions?

A
  • add silver nitrate
  • silver chloride formed
  • white precipitate
22
Q

How do you test for bromide ions?

A
  • add silver nitrate
  • silver bromide formed
  • cream precipitate
23
Q

How do you test for iodide ions?

A
  • add silver nitrate
  • silver iodide formed
  • pale yellow precipitate
24
Q

How do you test for sulphate ions?

A
  • add barium chloride
  • barium sulfate formed
  • white precipitate
25
Q

Why do ionic compounds form regularly shaped crystals?

A

Their lattice structures consist of repeating positive and negative ions in all three dimensions.

26
Q

How are the lattice structures in ionic compounds held together?

A

By ionic bonds -the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ions which can overcome any repulsion between ions of the same charge.

Elements of Life (9 decks)

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