el español en el mundo Flashcards

1
Q

las flaquezas

A

weakenesses

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2
Q

los puntos débiles

A

weakenesses

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3
Q

esgrimir (razones

A

to argue / put forward (reasons)

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4
Q

el habla castiza

A

Castilian speech

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5
Q

Hispanohablantes

A

Spanish speakers

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6
Q

Hispanoamérica

Latinoamérica

A

Latin American

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7
Q

hablar “fino”

A

speak fluently

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8
Q

un acento neutro

A

a neutral accent

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9
Q

tener un acento

A

to have an accent

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10
Q

ocultar un acento

A

to hide an accent

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11
Q

forzar un acento

A

to force an accent

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12
Q

neutralizar un acento

A

to neutralise and accent

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13
Q

violar una norma lingüistica

A

violate a linguistic norm

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14
Q

los argumentos encierran rasgos clasistas

encerrar = incluir, contener

A

the arguments contain classist traits

encerrar, incluir, contener = contain, include..

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15
Q

privarse de (dejar voluntariamente algo de interés, conveniencia)

A

deprive yourself of (voluntarily give up something of interest, convenience)

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16
Q

el/la locutor/a (de radio/televisión)

los/las interlocutores (pl.)

A

the speaker (radio / television)

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17
Q

la destreza (en el uso del lenguaje)

A

skill (in language use)

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18
Q

el despliegue (de palabras)

A

the display ? of words

el despliegue = deployment & display

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19
Q

el doblaje

A

dubbing

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20
Q

hacer alarde = alardear de

(presumir, ostentar)

A

to flaunt

(to boast, to show off)

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21
Q

la lengua como un arma arrojadiza

A

language as a weapon of war

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22
Q

un debate enconado

(encarnizado, violento)

A

a fierce debate

(intense, violent)

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23
Q

reglas ortográficas inamovibles

A

set spelling rules

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24
Q

el seseo

A

Pronouncing z & c as s

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25
el ceceo
pronouncing s as c (lisping)
26
la arbitrariedad
impulsiveness
27
La profusión de laísmos y leísmos (abundancia de)
Excess use of / abundance of ‘la’, ‘lo’, ‘las’, ‘los’, ‘le’, ‘les’
28
regular el volumen de la voz
regulate voice volume
29
impostar el tono y el timbre
project tone and pitch (of voice)
30
cobijar / dar cobijo
shelter / give shelter
31
amenizar algo / hacer (más) ameno (hacer agradable, placentero)
to make something more pleasant/enjoyable
32
salir / sacar a relucir
to come out / to bring out
33
lenguas amerindias
Native American languages
34
idiomas indígenas
indigenous langauges
35
idiomas aborígenes
native/ / indigenous languages
36
un patrimonio intangible
an intangible heritage
37
la labor lingüística
linguistic work
38
la implantación de un idioma
establishment / introduction of a language
39
la unificación lingüística
linguistic unification
40
un vehículo de comunicación para transmitir ideas
a means of communication to convey ideas
41
un léxico rico en vocablos
a lexicon rich in vocabulary
42
El Nuevo Mundo
The New World
43
grupos étnicos
ethnic groups
44
compete a los gobiernos competer = pertenecer, tocar, incumbir a alguien/algo)
is the government's responsibility to be responsibility of = to belong to, to concern, to involve someone/something
45
fomentar el cultivo de un idioma / cultura
encourage the cultivation (growth) of a language
46
la convivencia lingüística
linguistic coexistence
47
geografías plurilingües
multilingual countries
48
el español como vehículo universa de compresnión
Spanish as a universal way of understanding
49
estereotipos fosilizados
fossilised / paralysed stereotypes
50
atesorar una historia / un patrimonio
treasuring the history / heritage
51
lenguas ligadas a la identidad de los colectivos
languages linked to shared identity
52
riqueza de dialectos y variedades
richness of dialects and varieties
53
herir (algunas) sensibilidades
offend [sb]'s sensibilities (e.g. offend people)
54
englobar modos / conceptos
encompass, include modes/concepts
55
avivar una polémica
stirring up a controversy
56
lengua cooficial en un territorio
co-official language in a territory
57
un proceso de unificación idiomática
a process of linguistic unification
58
datar ("los primeros textos datan del siglo...")
to date from / to date back to (e.g. the first texts date from the century...)
59
criterios fonéticos/léxicos/gramaticales
phonetic / lexical / grammatical criteria
60
época de esplendor
period of splendour (magnificence)
61
época de decadencia (sufrir decadencia)
period of decline/fall (to suffer decadence)
62
provocar controversia
to provoke controvesy
63
un origen incierto
uncertain origin
64
tener parentesco con (algo/alguien)
to be related to (something/someone)
65
derechos lingüísticos
linguistic rights
66
lengua prestigio
language prestige
67
diglosia / situación de diglosia (bilingüismo en un lugar)
diglossia - a situation in which 2 languages (or 2 varieties of the same language) are used under different conditions within a community, often by the same speakers)
68
movimento indigenista
indigenous movement
69
la polivalencia de un concepto
multiple functions / multi-usage of a concept
70
un derecho inalienable
an unalienable right - refers to a right that cannot be given away or taken away
71
la modalidad del habla
type of speech
72
el habla propia de una persona
a person's own language / speech
73
Canon / Cánones de la lengua / Lengua canónica
Canon / Canons of language / Canonical language
74
el canon establecido
the established canon
75
un vocablo
a word
76
la deformación de una lengua
deformation of a language
77
los/as puristas de la lengua (habla perfecta)
language purists
78
erizarse la piel
skin crawl
79
fruncir el ceño
frown
80
mutación del español
spanish mutatuon
81
hibrido entre dos lenguas
hybrid between 2 languages
82
los falsos amigos
false friends
83
dar legitimidad y validez a una lengua / vocablo
giving legitimacy and validity to a language / word
84
la buena/mala salud de un idioma
good / bad health of a language
85
estrechar relaciones culturales/interpersonales
strengthening cultural / interpersonal relations
86
secundar la defense del bilingüismo
support the defence of bilingualism
87
hablantes monolingües
monolingual speakers
88
hablantes bilingües
biligual speakers
89
hablantes plurilingües
multilingual speakers
90
lengua franca
lingua franca = a language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different i.e. English is a lingua franca
91
un dialecto colonial
a colonial dialect
92
préstamo léxico
lexical borrowing
93
tomar préstamos lingüísticos
linguistic borrowing
94
una lengua subordinada a otro
one langauge subordinate to another
95
el voseo
referring to "vos" - informal word for "you" pl.
96
la aspiración de consonantes / vocales
consonant / vowel aspiration
97
consonantes
constonants
98
vocales
vowels
99
acuñar un término
to coin (create) a term
100
un término
a term
101
inmigrantes de primera, segunda y tercera generación
first, second and third generation immigrants
102
la falta
the lack
103
la falta de lealtad lingüística
lack of linguistic loyalty
104
lengua mayoritaria
main language
105
lengua minoritaria
minority language
106
el aislamiento lingüístico
linguistic isolation
107
el aislamento
isolation
108
una frontera
a border
109
una frontera lingüística
a linguistic border
110
alfabetizarse en una lengua
to become literate in a language
111
calcos léxicos
lexical loan translation
112
el intercambio de códigos - emplear dos lenguas en un mismo turno de palabra
code switching - using 2 language in the same turn of speech
113
el dominio de un idioma
proficiency in a language
114
léxico
vocabulary