EL 3

Question 1

what are the subshells and how many electrons can be held in them

Answer 1

s, p, d, f

s = 2 electrons
p = 6 electrons
d = 10 electrons
f = 14 electrons

Question 2

how many electrons can each shell hold

Answer 2

n=1 first shell = 2 electrons s subshell
n=2 second shell = 8 electrons s and p subshell
n=3 third shell = 18 electrons s, p and f subshell
n=4 fourth shell = 32 electrons s, p, f and d subshell

Question 3

what does n represent

Answer 3

principle quantum number (period an element is in)

Question 4

how many orbitals does each subshell contain

Answer 4

s = 1 Spherical shape
p = 3 Px, Py and Pz orbital (dumbbell shape)
d = 5
f = 7

Question 5

what is an orbital

Answer 5

region of space with a 95% probability of finding an electron

Question 6

how do you fill up an atomic orbital

Answer 6

lowest energy levels are filled first
single electron fills each orbital first then pairs up if it has to
each electron has to have opposite spins
4s orbital fills before the 3d orbital since it has a lower energy level
oxygen = 1s2 2s2 2p4

Question 7

what is the history of the model of the atom in order

Answer 7

John Dalton- discovered atoms imagining them as spheres that cannot be divided
JJ Thomson- discovered the electron + developed the plum pudding model
Ernest Rutherford- discovered the nucleus and its charge (gold foil experiment) disproved plum pudding model
Niels Borh- discovered that electrons are in fixed shells

Question 8

what was the gold foil experiment

Answer 8

Positive alpha particles were beamed at a sample of gold leaf
radiation detectors surrounded sample to see if any radiation was deflected

results showed:

most of the alpha particles passed through
small amount of particles were deflected

conclusions drawn:
since most alpha particles went through means the atom is mostly empty space
deflection of alpha particles shows the nucleus has a positive charge (same charges repel)
nucleus is small and dense since only a small amount of particles were deflected

Question 9

how many electrons can an orbital hold and what spins do they have

Answer 9

can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spin (up or down spin)
all orbitals are 3D

Question 10

what do the things in the electron configuration represent

Answer 10

for example oxygen
1s2 2s2 2p4
focus on 2p4
2 = what period oxygen is in
p = what subshell oxygen is in on periodic table
4 = how far along oxygen is in p subshell