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Chemistry > EL > Flashcards

EL Flashcards

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1
Q

Atomic structures

A

Dalton - spheres
Thompson - electrons (ppm)
Rutherford - nucleus (gold leaf)
Bohr - shells (EM radiation)

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2
Q

What are features of a giant ionic structure?

A
  • most dissolve in water –> water is polar
  • conduct when molten/aq
  • high melting point (strong electrostatic forces of attraction)
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3
Q

Are simple or dative covalent bonds stronger?

A

Simple

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4
Q

Examples of giant covalent structures

A

Graphite
Diamond

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5
Q

Structure of graphite

A
  • 3 x C bonds
  • Delocalised e-
  • Layers slide due to weak IM forces
  • Layers far apart = low density
  • Insoluble due to strong covalent bonds
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6
Q

Structure of diamond

A
  • 4 x C bonds
  • Tightly packed
  • Rigid
  • Can be cut
  • Very high mp/bp
  • Very hard
  • Doesn’t conduct
  • Insoluble
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7
Q

Properties of metallic bonding

A
  • Positive metal ions, delocalised sea of electrons
  • Can conduct
  • Electrostatic attraction
  • High mp = insoluble
    Good thermal conductors
    Malleable/ductile
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8
Q

What is a tetrahedral molecule?

A

4 bonding pairs
109.5

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9
Q

What is a bent molecule?

A

2 bonding, 2 lone
104.5

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10
Q

What is a pyramidal molecule?

A

3 bonding, 1 lone
107

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11
Q

What is a linear molecule?

A

2 bonding
180

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12
Q

Group 2 + water

A

Metal hydroxide
Hydrogen

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13
Q

Group 2 + oxygen

A

Metal oxide

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14
Q

Solubility of group 2 carbonates

A

Decreases down group

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15
Q

Solubility of group 2 hydroxides

A

Increases down group

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16
Q

What is first ionisation enthalpy?

A

Minimum energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in a gaseous state

17
Q

Ionisation enthalpy trends: period/group

A

Along = increases (nuclear charge)
Down = decreases (shielding)

18
Q

Period 2 ionisation energies

A

Increase except Boron and Oxygen

Boron - e- being removed from higher energy level (2p/2s)

Oxygen - repulsion in 2p

19
Q

Period 3 ionisation energies

A

Increases
Aluminium and sulfur

Aluminium - (3s/3p) higher energy level further away from nucleus

Sulfur - repulsion in 3p

20
Q

Melting points across period 2/3

A

Peaks in middle due to diff bonding

Metallic bonding (group 2>1)
Giant covalent (B/C/Si)
Simple covalent
Weak IM/full shell

21
Q

What is a feature of emission/absorption spectra?

A

Lines get closer at higher frequencies

22
Q

Why is the spectrum of an element unique?

A

Move up energy levels
Energy levels unique to each element
E = hv

Chemistry (9 decks)

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