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Archer Review > EKG Interpretation > Flashcards

EKG Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Normal PR Interval

A

0.12-0.2 sec

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2
Q

Normal QRS Complex

A

<0.12 sec

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3
Q

EKG Interpretation

A
  1. Is there 1 p wave for every 1 QRS wave?
  2. Is the PR Interval 0.12-0.20 seconds?
  3. Is the QRS less that 0.12 seconds?
  4. Is the rate 60-100 bpm?
  5. Is the rhythm regular?
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4
Q

Normal Sinus Rhythm

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20
QRS: <0.12
Rate: 60-100
Regularity: Regular

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5
Q

Sinus Tachycardia

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20
QRS: <0.12
Rate: >100
Regularity: Regular

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6
Q

Sinus Bradycardia

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20
QRS: <0.12
Rate: <60
Regularity: Regular

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7
Q

Sinus Bradycardia causes

A

Sleep
Inactivity
Very athletic
Drugs
MI

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8
Q

Sinus Bradycardia Interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Atropine

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9
Q

Sinus Tachycardia Causes

A

Caffeine
Exercise
Fever
Anxiety
Drugs
Pain
Hypotension
Volume depletion

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10
Q

Sinus Tachycardia Interventions

A

Fix the cause!

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11
Q

First Degree Heart Block

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: >0.20
QRS: <0.12
Rate: 60-100
Regularity: Regular

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12
Q

First Degree Heart Block Causes

A

Often an incidental finding

(Peds) Infection
Myocarditis
Congenital Heart Disease

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13
Q

First Degree Heart Block interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Treatment is usually not required
If extreme, pacing

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14
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 1
(AKA: Motiz 1, Wenkebach)

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: longer, longer, longer…drop
QRS: <0.12
Rate: 60-100
Regularity: Regular

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15
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 1 causes

A

Ischemia
Myocarditis
Status post-cardiac surgery

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16
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 1 interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Asymptomatic: no treatment
Symptomatic: pacing

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17
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 2

A

P wave: Not a P for every QRS
PR Interval: 0.12-0.20
QRS: <0.12
Rate:>100
Regularity: Regulare

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18
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 2 causes

A

MI
Ischemia

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19
Q

Second Degree Heart Block, Type 2 interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Pacing

20
Q

Third Degree Heart Block

A

P wave: normal
PR Interval: variable
QRS: <0.12
Rate: <60
Regularity: Irregular

21
Q

Third Degree Heart Block causes

A

Damage to the heart

MI
Heart valve disease
Rheumatic fever
Sarcoidosis

22
Q

Third Degree Heart Block interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Pacing

23
Q

Pacemaker Education

A

Keep pacemaker identification card in wallet.
Baths and showers are ok for permanent pacemakers.
Do not apply pressure over the generator and do not wear tight clothing.
Operating household appliances is safe.
Notify airport security of pacemaker.
For temporary pacemakers, don’t let lead wires get wet
Contraindication for MRI

24
Q

Atrial Flutter

A

P wave: “saw tooth”
PR Interval: none
QRS: <0.12
Atrial Rate: 250-400
Ventricular Rate: Varies
Regularity: Regular or Irregular

25
Q

A-flutter causes

A

Heart disease
MI
CHF
Pericarditis

26
Q

A-flutter interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Cardioversion
Pacing
Anti-arrhytmics (amiodarone)
Beta blockers (metoprolol)
Calcium Channel blockers (diltiazem)

27
Q

Atrial Fibrillation

A

P wave: “wavy”
PR Interval: none
QRS: <0.12
Atrial Rate: >400
Ventricular rate: Varies
Regularity: Irregular

28
Q

A-fib causes

A

Heart disease
Pulmonary disease
Stress
Alcohol
Caffeine

29
Q

A-fib interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Cardioversion
Anti-arrhythmics (amiodarone)
Beta blockers (metoprolol)
Surgery (ablation)

30
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

A

P wave: hidden
PR Interval: immeasurable
QRS: <0.12
Rate: 150-250
Regularity: Regular

31
Q

SVT causes

A

Caffeine
CHF
Fatigue
Hypoxia
Altered pacemaker in the heart

32
Q

SVT interventions

A

Fix the cause!

Vagal Maneuvers
Cardioversion
Adenosine (site closest to heart, central line preferred)

33
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

P wave: none
PR Interval: none
QRS: >0.11 “wide and bizarre”
Rate: 150-250
Regularity: Regular

34
Q

V-tach causes

A

MI
Ischemia
Digoxin toxicity
Hypoxia
Acidosis
Hypokalemia
Hypotension

35
Q

V-tach interventions

A

Fix the cause!

With pulse:
Cardioversion

Without pulse:
CPR
Defibrillate
Epinephrine

36
Q

Ventricular Fibrillation

A

P wave: none
PR Interval: none
QRS: none
Rate: none
Regularity: Irregular

37
Q

V-fib causes

A

MI
Ischemia’Hypoxia
Acidosis
Hypokalemia
Hypotension

Most common cause of sudden death!

38
Q

V-fib interventions

A

Fix the cause!

CPR
Defibrillate
Epinephrine

39
Q

Asystole

A

P wave: none
PR Interval: none
QRS: none
Rate: none
Regularity: n/a

40
Q

Asystole causes

A

Follows VT/VF in cardiac arrest

Acidosis
Hypoxia
Hypokalemia
Hypothermia
Overdose

41
Q

Asystole interventions

A

Fix the cause!

CPR
Epinephrine (Q3-5 minutes)

42
Q

Hyperkalemia EKG changes

A

Wide, flat P waves
Prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex
Depressed ST segment
Tall, peaked T wave

43
Q

Hypokalemia EKG changes

A

Slightly prolonged PR interval
Slightly peaked P wave
ST depression
Flat/shallow/inverted T wave
Prominent U waves

44
Q

Hypermagnesemia EKG changes

A

Wide, flat P wave
Prolonged PR interval
Widened QRS complex
Tall T wave

45
Q

Hypomagnesemia EKG changes

A

Prolonged PR interval
Lengthened QT interval

Risk for:
V-tach
Torsades de Pointes

46
Q

Hypercalcemia EKG changes

A

Shortened QT interval

Risk for:
Bradycardia
V-fib

47
Q

Hypocalcemia EKG changes

A

Lengthened QT interval

Risk for: V-tach

Archer Review (6 decks)

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