Diets and Nutrition

Question 1

Diet for Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 1

Low Carb (Complex not simple carbs)(~60/meal)
High protein
Fruits and Vegetables

Take insulin with meals
Eat before exercising

Question 2

Who needs High protein diet?

Answer 2

Nephrotic syndrome
Those needing growth and healing
Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

Who needs Low protein diet?

Answer 3

Liver disease (hepatitis, hepatic coma, cirrhosis)
Kidney disease (glomerulonephritis)

Question 4

Good Fats

Answer 4

Unsaturated (olive oil and nuts)

Increase HDLs by exercising

Question 5

Bad fats

Answer 5

Saturated (butter, red meat, vegetable oil)

Avoid in Heart disease (CAD), high cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)

Question 6

Vitamin C

Answer 6

Used for healing

Found in: citrus fruits, strawberries

Question 7

Vitamin D

Answer 7

Used for absorption of calcium

Found in: fortified milk and cereal

Question 8

Vitamin K

Answer 8

Uses: Warfarin antidote

Found in: Leafy greens

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

Uses: prevents B12 deficiency anemia (pernicious anemia)
Vegans should take a supplement

Found in: Protein, dairy, eggs

Question 10

Folic Acid

Answer 10

Uses: Prevents neural tube defects, Prevents deficiency anemia

Found in: Dark leafy greens, legumes, nuts

Question 11

Iron

Answer 11

Uses: Prevents iron deficiency anemia

Found in: meat, eggs, leafy greens

Question 12

High potassium foods

Answer 12

Avocados
Oranges
Yogurt
Milk
Salmon
Dried beans
Bananas

Question 13

Who needs High potassium diet?

Answer 13

Low potassium levels
K wasting diuretics (furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide)
Cushing’s disease
Vomiting/Diarrhea/NGT to suction
Hyperinsulinism

Question 14

Who needs Low potassium diet?

Answer 14

High potassium levels
K-sparing diuretics (Spironolactone)
Addison’s disease
Renal failure
DKA

Question 15

Foods High in Calcium and Vitamin D

Answer 15

Calcium: cheese, leafy green vegetables, soy milk, tofu, almonds

Vitamin D: Egg yolk, tuna, cod liver oil, oily fish, sardines

Both: Milk, salmon, yogurt

Question 16

Who needs High calcium diet?

Answer 16

Low calcium levels
Renal failure
Malnutrition (alcoholism, bulimia nervosa, Vitamin D deficiency)
Malabsorption (Celiac disease, Crohn’s disease)
Hypoparathyroidism
Hyperphosphatemia

Question 17

Who needs Low calcium diet?

Answer 17

High calcium levels
Cancer of bones
Medication complications (Glucocorticoids, Vitamin D toxicity, Thiazide diuretics)
Immobility
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypophosphatemia

Question 18

Foods high in phosphorus

Answer 18

Chocolate
Cola
Beans
Diary
Meat
Nuts
Grains and seeds

Question 19

Who needs High phosphorus diet?

Answer 19

Low phosphorus levels
Starvation
Malnutrition (alcoholism, bulimia nervosa, Vitamin D deficiency)
Re-feeding syndrome
TPN
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 20

Who needs Low phosphorus diet?

Answer 20

High phosphorus levels
Renal failure
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Hypoparathyroidism

Question 21

Foods high in sodium

Answer 21

Soy sauce
Table salt
Condiments
Canned food
Processed meat
Popcorn

Question 22

Who needs High sodium diet?

Answer 22

Addison’s disease/Crisis
Hyponatremia

Question 23

Who needs Low sodium diet?

Answer 23

Heart failure
High blood glucose
Cirrhosis
Edema
Glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome

Question 24

DASH diet

Answer 24

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Low sodium and fat
(Carbs, sugar, full fat diary, alcohol, added sodium)

High Calcium, potassium, fiber
(Fruits and veggies, whole grains, lean meats, nuts and seeds)

Question 25

Heart Healthy Diet

Answer 25

Goal: Reduce caloric intake to achieve/maintain ideal body weight

Used in: Heart disease, MI, High cholesterol, High BMI, Metabolic syndrome, CAD

Yes: Non-starchy vegetables, complex carbs, lean meats

No: Saturated fats, extra sodium

Question 26

Renal diet

Answer 26

Body is unable to regulate fluids and electrolytes

Fluid restriction
Low electrolytes (sodium, phosphorus, potassium)
Low protein
No beer/alcohol

Yes: eggs, peppers, whole grains, strawberries, lettuce, grapes, pineapple, cherries

Question 27

Foods containing gluten

Answer 27

Barely
Rye
Oats
Wheat

Question 28

Ketogenic diet

Answer 28

To treat hard to control epilepsy in children
(Body has so few carbs to use for energy, so it burns fat, which produces ketones)

Components: High fat, adequate protein, low carbs

Question 29

NPO

Answer 29

Nothing by mouth

Perioperative

Question 30

Clear liquids

Answer 30

Foods and liquids that are transparent to light and liquid at body temperatures

Best for patients who have not had oral intake for some time, and for the first time after complete bowel resection

Water, flavored water, sports drinks
Juice without pulp
Gelatin
Tea or coffee (no milk, etc.)
Clear broth
Ice pops
Hard candy (lemon drops, peppermint rounds)

Question 31

Full Liquid

Answer 31

Appropriate as a transition after CLD for patients following surgery

Ice cream, milkshakes
Strained foods
Sherbert, jello
milk
Pudding/Custards
Refined cooked cereals
Strained vegetable juices

Question 32

Mechanical soft diet

Answer 32

Facilitates mastication
(Patients without teeth, jaw surgery/injuries)
Swallowing problems
Dentition problems

Question 33

Fluid-Restricted diet

Answer 33

Fluids restricted to certain amount of fluids per day

Heart failure
Renal failure

Question 34

Thickened liquids

Answer 34

Thickened fluids for trouble after swallowing
Common after strokes