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Clinical Methods > EKG Basics > Flashcards

EKG Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac cells

A

(myocytes)
Polarized at rest
membrane pumps used to keep inside of cells electronegative

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2
Q

Sodium/Potassium Pump

A

3 Na outside for every 2 K inside

requires ATP to pump

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3
Q

Pacemaker Cells

A

Electrical power source of heart
depolarize spontaneously with innate characteristics and neurohormonal input
serving as the source of depolarization wave

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4
Q

Sinus Node (SA node)

A

Pacemaker
located in the RA, dominant pacemaker at 60 - 100 bpm
can be altered by autonomic NS input

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5
Q

Automaticity

A

All heart cells can behave as pacemaker but remain suppressed unless SA node fails

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6
Q

SA Node Intrinsic Pacing

A

60 - 100 bpm

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7
Q

Atrial Foci Intrinsic Pacing

A

60 - 75 bpm

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8
Q

Junctional Foci (AV Node) Intrinsic Pacing

A

40 - 60 bpm

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9
Q

Ventricular Foci Intrinsic Pacing

A

25 - 40 bpm

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10
Q

Electrical Conducting Cells

A

Hard wiring of the heart
carry the current quickly and efficiently to distant portions of the heart
(Purkinje fibers of the ventricles, Bachman’s bundle of the atria)

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11
Q

Myocardial Cells

A

Contractile machinery of the heart
constituting the largest part of heart tissue
Responsible for repeated excitation-contraction coupling

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12
Q

Light Lines/Small Boxes of EKG Paper

A

1X1 mm squares

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13
Q

Dark Lines/Big Boxes of EKG Paper

A

5X5 mm squares

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14
Q

Horizontal Axis of EKG Paper

A

Time
Small square = 0.04 sec
Large square = 0.2 sec

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15
Q

Vertical Axis of EKG Paper

A

Voltage
Small square = 0.1 mV
Large square = 0.5 mV

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16
Q

P Wave

A

Records depolarization through atrial myocardium
First part of P wave = RA depolarization (SA node in RA)
Second part of P wave = LA depolarization

17
Q

AV Nodal Delay

A

There is a “gate” at the AV node to delay conduction from atria to ventricles
Allows the atria to finish contracting and empty their volume of blood before ventricles can contract

18
Q

Ventricular Depolarization

A

AV nodal delay (1/10 sec) –>
AV Bundle, Bundle of His –>
R & L Bundle Branches –>
Terminal Purkinje Fibers

19
Q

QRS Complex

A

Marks the beginning of ventricular depolarization and contraction
(amplitude is greater than P wave b/c ventricles are so much larger)

20
Q

T Wave

A

Represents wave of ventricular repolarization
(restoration of electronegative state)
wave of atrial repolarization is obscured by QRS complex

21
Q

Segment

A

Connects 2 waves

22
Q

Interval

A

Encompasses at least 1 wave and a segment

23
Q

Depolarization Deflections

A

wave moves twd + electrode = + deflection
waves moves away from + electrode = - deflection
waves moves perpendicular to + electrode = biphasic

24
Q

Repolarization Deflections

A

Opposite/Reverse of depolarizing wave deflections

Perpendicular = biphasic w/ - deflection preceding

25
Q

V1

A

4th intercostal right of sternum

26
Q

V2

A

4th intercostal left of sternum

27
Q

V3

A

between V2 and V4

28
Q

V4

A

5th intercostal at midclavicular line

29
Q

V5

A

5th intercostal at anterior axillary line

30
Q

V6

A

5th intercostal at midaxillary line

31
Q

Precordial Leads

A

Horizontal (coronal) Plane

record electric activity moving anteriorly and posteriorly

32
Q

Limb Leads

A

Vertical (frontal) Plane

record electric activity moving up, down, left, right

33
Q

Anterior View of Heart

A

V2, V3, V4

34
Q

Left Lateral View of Heart

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

35
Q

Inferior View of Heart

A

II, III, aVF

36
Q

Right Ventricular View of Heart

A

aVR, V1

37
Q

R Wave Progression

A

V1 to V5 increasing amplitude of R wave

38
Q

12-Lead EKG

A

P wave: + II (inferior & left lateral leads), - aVR, biphasic III & V1
QRS: R-R progression in V1 - V5
T wave: usually positive in leads with + T waves

Clinical Methods (6 decks)

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