EKG Flashcards

1
Q

1 small box?

A

1 mm = 0.04 seconds, 1 mV

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2
Q

1 large box?

A

5 mm = 0.2 seconds, 5 mV

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3
Q

Normal sinus rhythm?

A

Rate 60-100
P waves identifiable and of the same morphology throughout

RR intervals between beats are the same

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4
Q

Normal duration of P wave?

A

No more than 1 box wide

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5
Q

Normal voltage of P wave?

A

No more than 1 box tall

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6
Q

Best lead to look at P wave?

A

V1

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7
Q

If P wave exceeds the normal range for duration or voltage, what does this mean?

A

Either or both atria are hypertrophied

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8
Q

Q wave?

A

First downstroke (usually very small or absent)

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9
Q

R wave?

A

First upward deflection

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10
Q

S wave?

A

First downward deflection after the R wave

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11
Q

Normal QRS complex duration?

A

0.08-0.12 seconds

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12
Q

Prolonged QRS complex?

A

BBB
Drug toxicity
Electrolyte imbalance

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13
Q

Shortened QRS complex?

A

WPW

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14
Q

Q wave can be normal in what 2 leads?

A

III and aVR

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15
Q

When is a Q wave significant?

A

> 1 box wide in any lead except III and aVR
1/3 the amplitude of QRS
1/4 R wave

Indicates infarct

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16
Q

What is the normal direction and amplitude of T waves?

A

In general, T waves are in the same direction as the largest deflection of the QRS (normally the R wave)

Negative in aVR
Negative in V1, V2, V3 can be seen in normal young athletes

17
Q

Primary T wave change?

A

Abnormal repolarization

18
Q

Secondary T wave change?

A

Caused by QRS changes (BBB, hypertrophy)

19
Q

Tall peaked T waves?

A

Hyperkalemia

20
Q

Low voltage T waves and prominant U waves?

A

Hypokalemia

21
Q

Inverted T waves?

A

Coronary ischemia

22
Q

Normal PR interval?

A

0.12-2.0 seconds

23
Q

Prolonged PR interval?

A

AV block

24
Q

Define 1st degree AV block

A

PR >0.2 seconds`

25
Q

Define 2nd degree AV block Type I

A

Mobitz I/Wenckeback

Increasing PR interval until QRS dropped, usually benign

26
Q

Define 2nd degree AV block Type II

A

Mobitz II

QRS dropped without any progressive increase in PRinterval

27
Q

Define 3rd degree AV block

A

P waves and QRS complexes occur independently of each other

28
Q

Shortened PR interval?

A

<0.12

WPW when associated with prolonged QRS

29
Q

Calculate QTc

A

= QT + 1.75(ventricular rate - 60)

30
Q

Normal QTc?

A

~0.41 seconds

31
Q

Prolonged QTc?

A

Hypocalcemia