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Currently learning > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What is the charge of the resting cardiac cell?

A

negative

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2
Q

What ions can be found inside and outside the resting cardiac cell?

A

Potassium - inside

Sodium - outside

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3
Q

What term describes when a cardiac cell becomes positively charged?

A

Depolarization

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4
Q

By what process are cardiac cells returned to a negative state?

A

Sodium-potassium pump, an active transport system

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5
Q

On an ekg, what represents atrial depolarization?

A

P wave

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6
Q

On an ekg, what represents ventricular depolarization?

A

QRS complex

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7
Q

On an ekg what represents ventricular repolariazation?

A

T wave

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8
Q

What is the flat line between the P wave and QRS complex?

A

PR interval

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9
Q

What is the flat line between the QRS complex and T wave?

A

ST Segment

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10
Q

List the pathway of the conduction system?

A

Sinus node > Interatrial tracts > atrium > internodal tracts > AV node > bundle of His > bundle branches > Purkinje fivers > Ventricles

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11
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

upper right atrium just beneath the opening of the superior vena cava

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12
Q

List four characteristics of cardiac cells

A

Automaticity
Conductivity
Excitability
Contractility

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13
Q

What is the inherent rate of the sinus node?

A

60-100 beats per minute

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14
Q

What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?

A

40-60 beats per minute

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15
Q

What is the inherent rate of the Ventricle?

A

20-40 beats per minute

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16
Q

What leads can be seen in the first column of a 12 lead EKG?

A

Leads I, II, III

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17
Q

What leads can be seen in the second column of a 12 lead EKG?

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

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18
Q

What leads can be seen in the third column of a 12 lead EKG?

A

V1, V2, V3

19
Q

What leads can be seen in the fourth column of a 12 lead ekg?

A

V4, V5, V6

20
Q

What is the normal PR interval?

A

0.12 to 0.20 seconds

21
Q

How is the PR interval measured?

A

From the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS

22
Q

What should the P wave measure?

A

no more than 0.10 seconds

23
Q

What is the normal QRS interval?

A

0.12 seconds

24
Q

How much time does a single small block on ekg paper represent?

A

0.4 seconds

25
Q

What term describes when a cardiac cell cannot respond to another impulse no matter how strong?

A

Absolute refractory period

26
Q

How much time does a big block on ekg paper represent?

A

.20 seconds

27
Q

how many big blocks on ekg paper represent a second?

A

5

28
Q

On what plane do limb leads read the heat’s current?

A

frontal (top to bottom/right to left)

29
Q

What plane do the precordial leads read the heart’s current?

A

horizontal plane

30
Q

What are the augmented leads?

A

aVR
aVL
aVF

31
Q

Which limb leads should have positive QRS complexes?

A

I, II, III, aVL and aVF

32
Q

Which limb leads should have negative QRS complexes?

A

aVR

33
Q

Which precordial leads should have negative QRS complexes?

A

V1 and V2

34
Q

Which precordial leads should have positive QRS complexes?

A

V5 and V6

35
Q

Wich precordial leads should be isoelectric?

A

V3 and V4

36
Q

What does aV stand for?

A

Augmented voltage

37
Q

What is the five steps to rhythm interpretation?

A

1) Are there QRS complexes and are they the same shape?
2) What’s the regularity?
3) Whats the heart rate?
4) Are there P waves? are they the same shape? in the same place relative to QRS?
5) PR and QRS interval

38
Q

Normal sinus rhythm characteristics:

A

QRS narrow, uniform shape
Regular
Heart rate 60-100
Upright uniform shape P waves married to the QRS
PR 0.12-0.20 sec, constant QRS <0.12 secs

39
Q

What can deviation of the QRS axis indicate?

A

chamber enlargement, MI, and origin of some arrhythmia

40
Q

Which two leads are examined to use the quadrant approach to determine the axis?

A

Lead I

aVF

41
Q

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see with a normal axis?

A

Positive QRS in Lead I and aVF

42
Q

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see in a right axis deviation?

A

Negative Lead I

Positive aVF

43
Q

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see in a left axis deviation?

A

Positive Lead I

Negative aVF

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