EKG

Question 1

What is the charge of the resting cardiac cell?

Answer 1

negative

Question 2

What ions can be found inside and outside the resting cardiac cell?

Answer 2

Potassium - inside

Sodium - outside

Question 3

What term describes when a cardiac cell becomes positively charged?

Answer 3

Depolarization

Question 4

By what process are cardiac cells returned to a negative state?

Answer 4

Sodium-potassium pump, an active transport system

Question 5

On an ekg, what represents atrial depolarization?

Answer 5

P wave

Question 6

On an ekg, what represents ventricular depolarization?

Answer 6

QRS complex

Question 7

On an ekg what represents ventricular repolariazation?

Answer 7

T wave

Question 8

What is the flat line between the P wave and QRS complex?

Answer 8

PR interval

Question 9

What is the flat line between the QRS complex and T wave?

Answer 9

ST Segment

Question 10

List the pathway of the conduction system?

Answer 10

Sinus node > Interatrial tracts > atrium > internodal tracts > AV node > bundle of His > bundle branches > Purkinje fivers > Ventricles

Question 11

Where is the SA node located?

Answer 11

upper right atrium just beneath the opening of the superior vena cava

Question 12

List four characteristics of cardiac cells

Answer 12

Automaticity
Conductivity
Excitability
Contractility

Question 13

What is the inherent rate of the sinus node?

Answer 13

60-100 beats per minute

Question 14

What is the inherent rate of the AV junction?

Answer 14

40-60 beats per minute

Question 15

What is the inherent rate of the Ventricle?

Answer 15

20-40 beats per minute

Question 16

What leads can be seen in the first column of a 12 lead EKG?

Answer 16

Leads I, II, III

Question 17

What leads can be seen in the second column of a 12 lead EKG?

Answer 17

aVR, aVL, aVF

Question 18

What leads can be seen in the third column of a 12 lead EKG?

Answer 18

V1, V2, V3

Question 19

What leads can be seen in the fourth column of a 12 lead ekg?

Answer 19

V4, V5, V6

Question 20

What is the normal PR interval?

Answer 20

0.12 to 0.20 seconds

Question 21

How is the PR interval measured?

Answer 21

From the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the QRS

Question 22

What should the P wave measure?

Answer 22

no more than 0.10 seconds

Question 23

What is the normal QRS interval?

Answer 23

0.12 seconds

Question 24

How much time does a single small block on ekg paper represent?

Answer 24

0.4 seconds

Question 25

What term describes when a cardiac cell cannot respond to another impulse no matter how strong?

Answer 25

Absolute refractory period

Question 26

How much time does a big block on ekg paper represent?

Answer 26

.20 seconds

Question 27

how many big blocks on ekg paper represent a second?

Answer 27

5

Question 28

On what plane do limb leads read the heat's current?

Answer 28

frontal (top to bottom/right to left)

Question 29

What plane do the precordial leads read the heart's current?

Answer 29

horizontal plane

Question 30

What are the augmented leads?

Answer 30

aVR aVL aVF

Question 31

Which limb leads should have positive QRS complexes?

Answer 31

I, II, III, aVL and aVF

Question 32

Which limb leads should have negative QRS complexes?

Answer 32

aVR

Question 33

Which precordial leads should have negative QRS complexes?

Answer 33

V1 and V2

Question 34

Which precordial leads should have positive QRS complexes?

Answer 34

V5 and V6

Question 35

Wich precordial leads should be isoelectric?

Answer 35

V3 and V4

Question 36

What does aV stand for?

Answer 36

Augmented voltage

Question 37

What is the five steps to rhythm interpretation?

Answer 37

1) Are there QRS complexes and are they the same shape? 2) What's the regularity? 3) Whats the heart rate? 4) Are there P waves? are they the same shape? in the same place relative to QRS? 5) PR and QRS interval

Question 38

Normal sinus rhythm characteristics:

Answer 38

QRS narrow, uniform shape Regular Heart rate 60-100 Upright uniform shape P waves married to the QRS PR 0.12-0.20 sec, constant QRS <0.12 secs

Question 39

What can deviation of the QRS axis indicate?

Answer 39

chamber enlargement, MI, and origin of some arrhythmia

Question 40

Which two leads are examined to use the quadrant approach to determine the axis?

Answer 40

Lead I | aVF

Question 41

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see with a normal axis?

Answer 41

Positive QRS in Lead I and aVF

Question 42

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see in a right axis deviation?

Answer 42

Negative Lead I | Positive aVF

Question 43

When using the quadrant approach to determine axis, what would you expect to see in a left axis deviation?

Answer 43

Positive Lead I | Negative aVF