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physiology > Ekg > Flashcards

Ekg Flashcards

1
Q

How long should the QRS complex be?

A

40-100msec

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2
Q

What does the PR interval represent?

A

Delay in conduction from the AV node

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3
Q

How long does the PR interval should be?

A

120-200msec

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4
Q

What does the QT interval represent?

A

Duration of action potential

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5
Q

What does the ST segment represent?

A

Phase 2 plateu phase of action potential

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6
Q

QT interval is inversely proportional to what…?

A

Heart rate

  1. Taqui: short QT interval
  2. Bradi: long QT interval
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7
Q

Intervals to calculate heart beat:

A
  1. 300
  2. 150
  3. 100
  4. 75
  5. 60
  6. 50
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8
Q

What are the steps to read EKG?

A
  1. Rate & Rhythm.
  2. Waves. (Normal)
  3. PR interval (consistent)
  4. Electrical Axis (mean)
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9
Q

What is the Mean Electrical Axis of the Heart?

A

Between -30 and +110

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10
Q

Causes of Left Axis Deviation:

A
  1. Enlarged Left Heart
  2. Acute Right MI, unless right ventricle is dilated.
  3. Conduction defects left ventricle (except posterior B.B.)
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11
Q

Causes of right Axis deviation:

A
  1. Enlarged right Heart.
  2. Left sided acute MI; unless left ventricle dilates.
  3. Right sided conduction defects or posterior left BB
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12
Q

Primary characteristic of First Grade Block:

A
  1. Prolonged PR intervals (>200msec) (>0.2seg)

2. Regular rhythm

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13
Q

What are second degree blocks divided into?

A
  1. Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach).

2. Mobitz Type 2

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14
Q

Primary characteristics of second degree block Mobitz type I (Wenckebach)?

A
  1. Regularly irregular
  2. Progressive PR prolongation
  3. Blocks!!! (One drop!)
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15
Q

Primary characteristics of second degree block Mobitz type II??

A
  1. Consistent PR interval
  2. Block!
  3. Can progress to 3rd degree
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16
Q

Primary characteristics of Third Degree Block?

A
  1. Complete block.
  2. P and QRS waves are not associated.
  3. A rate >V rate
  4. No consistent PR interval
17
Q

Infectious disease associated with Third Degree Block?

A

Lyme’s disease

18
Q

Primary characteristics of atrial flutter?

A
  1. P waves are sawtooth appearance.
  2. Regular RR’s.
  3. Super fast HR (>280 x min)
19
Q

Primary characteristics of Atrial Fibrillation?

A
  1. Irregularly irregular.
  2. Irregular RR
  3. No discernible P waves
20
Q

Wolf-Parkinson-White is the result of what accessory pathway?

A

Bundle of Kent

21
Q

Primary EKG characteristics of WPW syndrome ?

A
  1. Short PR interval

2. Slurred R (delta wave) 🎢

22
Q

Causes of ST elevation:

A
  1. Transmural infarct (subepicardic isquemia)
  2. Prinzmetal angina.
  3. Pericarditis
23
Q

Causes of ST depression:

A
  1. Subendocardial isquemia

2. Stable angina

24
Q

Hyperkalemia EKG changes??

A
  1. Sharp-spiked T waves

2. Short QT interval

25
Q

Hypokalemia changes in EKG?

A
  1. U waves.

2. Prolonged QT interval

26
Q

EKG changes in hypercalcemia?

A
  1. Decreases QT interval
27
Q

EKG changes in hypocalcemia ?

A
  1. Increased QT interval

physiology (9 decks)

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