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physiology > Cardiac Muscle Mechanisms > Flashcards

Cardiac Muscle Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

3 Factors that determine systolic performance ?

A
  1. Preload
  2. Contractility
  3. Afterload
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2
Q

What’s is a good index of contractility?

A

Ejection fraction

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3
Q

How is the ejection fracture calculated?

A

Stroke volume/End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

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4
Q

Decreased systolic interval depends on what effect?

A
  1. Increase in Contractility
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5
Q

Decreased Diastolic Interval depends on what effect?

A
  1. Increased Heart Rate
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6
Q

3 main situations that ⬆️ Afterload?

A
  1. ⬆️MAP
  2. ⬆️ SVR
  3. Aortic Stenosis
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7
Q

What is the Bowditch Effect?

A

An increase in heart rate = Increase in Contractility

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8
Q

How do you Calculate Stroke Volume?

A

SV= EDV - ESV

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9
Q

What should be the normal Ejection Fraction?

A

> 55%

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10
Q

Systolic Dysfunction Mechanism?

A
  1. ⬇️Contractility

2. ⬆️ Afterload

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11
Q

Diastolic dysfunction mechanism?

A
  1. Poor ventricle COMPLIANCE ⬇️

Stiff ventricle) (failure to relax

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12
Q

Pressure overload examples?

A
  1. Hypertension

2. Aortic stenosis

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13
Q

Volume overload examples ?

A
  1. Mitral insufficiency
  2. Aortic insufficiency
  3. Patent duct arteriosus
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14
Q

Pressure overload produces this type of ventricular hypertrophy?

A
  1. Concentric hypertrophy (sarcomeres in parallel )
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15
Q

Volume overload produces this type of hypertrophy?

A
  1. Eccentric hypertrophy
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16
Q

Pressure overload produces this type of heart failure, initially?

A
  1. Diastolic heart Failure
17
Q

Volume overload produces this type of heart failure ?

A
  1. Systolic heart failure
18
Q

What is a Cardiomyopathy?

A

Diseases that affect the myocyte

19
Q

Examples of cardiomyopathies ?

A
  1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
  2. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
  3. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
20
Q

Dilated Cardiomyopathy produces what type of HF?

A
  1. Systolic HF
21
Q

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy produces this type of HF?

A
  1. Diastolic HF
22
Q

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is an example of this HF?

A
  1. Diastolic HF
23
Q

Difference between LVH due to Pressure Overload and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is UNRELATED to pressure overload.
24
Q

Septal defect in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

A
  1. Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

physiology (9 decks)

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