Cardiac Muscle Mechanisms

Question 1

3 Factors that determine systolic performance ?

Answer 1

1. Preload
2. Contractility
3. Afterload

Question 2

What’s is a good index of contractility?

Answer 2

Ejection fraction

Question 3

How is the ejection fracture calculated?

Answer 3

Stroke volume/End-Diastolic Volume (EDV)

Question 4

Decreased systolic interval depends on what effect?

Answer 4

1. Increase in Contractility

Question 5

Decreased Diastolic Interval depends on what effect?

Answer 5

1. Increased Heart Rate

Question 6

3 main situations that ⬆️ Afterload?

Answer 6

1. ⬆️MAP
2. ⬆️ SVR
3. Aortic Stenosis

Question 7

What is the Bowditch Effect?

Answer 7

An increase in heart rate = Increase in Contractility

Question 8

How do you Calculate Stroke Volume?

Answer 8

SV= EDV - ESV

Question 9

What should be the normal Ejection Fraction?

Answer 9

> 55%

Question 10

Systolic Dysfunction Mechanism?

Answer 10

1. ⬇️Contractility

2. ⬆️ Afterload

Question 11

Diastolic dysfunction mechanism?

Answer 11

1. Poor ventricle COMPLIANCE ⬇️

Stiff ventricle) (failure to relax

Question 12

Pressure overload examples?

Answer 12

1. Hypertension

2. Aortic stenosis

Question 13

Volume overload examples ?

Answer 13

1. Mitral insufficiency
2. Aortic insufficiency
3. Patent duct arteriosus

Question 14

Pressure overload produces this type of ventricular hypertrophy?

Answer 14

1. Concentric hypertrophy (sarcomeres in parallel )

Question 15

Volume overload produces this type of hypertrophy?

Answer 15

1. Eccentric hypertrophy

Question 16

Pressure overload produces this type of heart failure, initially?

Answer 16

1. Diastolic heart Failure

Question 17

Volume overload produces this type of heart failure ?

Answer 17

1. Systolic heart failure

Question 18

What is a Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 18

Diseases that affect the myocyte

Question 19

Examples of cardiomyopathies ?

Answer 19

1. Dilated cardiomyopathy
2. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
3. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Question 20

Dilated Cardiomyopathy produces what type of HF?

Answer 20

1. Systolic HF

Question 21

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy produces this type of HF?

Answer 21

1. Diastolic HF

Question 22

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is an example of this HF?

Answer 22

1. Diastolic HF

Question 23

Difference between LVH due to Pressure Overload and Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 23

1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is UNRELATED to pressure overload.

Question 24

Septal defect in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 24

1. Asymmetrical septal hypertrophy