Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio Pulm: quiz 3 > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What is an EKG?

A

A graphic representation of the electrical impulses of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

EKG are used to

A

identify irregularities in heart rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is EKG recorded from the body surface?

A

Electrodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where do impulses in the heart start?

A

SA node (pacemaker of the heart )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Flow of conduction in the heart

A

SA Node –> AV (junctional) node –> Bundle of His –> Left and Right bundle branches –> purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what part of the heart delays conduction?

A

AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

AV Node allows for

A

mechanical contraction of the atria to eject blood into ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the bundle of his branches responsible for?

A

depolarizing respective ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do the purkinje fibers do?

A

Penetrate myocardium and stimulate muscle contraction from the bottom the heart upwards…. VENTRICLE CONTRACTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

P wave represents

A

atrial depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

P-R interval

A

represents the slowing of conduction through the AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization and normally followed closely by ventricle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

when does depolarization begins

A

ventricular contraction ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ST segment

A
  • isoelectric (straight line) pause.

- ventricle is initiating depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When is repolarization complete?

A

end of the T-wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

single-lead EKG can help practictitoners determine what?

A
  • safety of pursing interventions in the light of abnormalities
  • good indicator to stop treatment or continue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

most common practice in step-downs, ICUs, and CPPT rehab programs

A

Single-lead monitoring via telemetry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Single-lead monitoring via telemetry are used to

A

detect rate and rhythm disturbances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what can Single-lead monitoring via telemetry NOT detect

A

ischemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ischemia

A

decreased blood flow to cardiac tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ischemia can lead to

A

disturbance in heart rhythm or infraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Infarction

A

interruption of blood flow that leads to death of cardiac muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Twelve- lead EKG is used to determine

A

ischemia or infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

when is a 12 lead EKG ordered

A

with change in patient condition or when ischemia is suspected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

important info from a 12 lead EKG

A
  • Ventricular hypertrophy
  • myocardial ischemia
  • Myocadial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ventricular hypertrophy

A

indicated by increased height (R wave) and depth (S wave) in QRS complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Myocardial ischemia

A

indicated by ST segment depression or T-wave inversion when present with angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

ST segment elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

ST elevation is seen on EKG in conjunction with acute onset chest pain is what?

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is another term for ST segment elevation ?

A

tombstone Ts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Besides myocardial ischemia what are other causes for ST depression?

A
  • Digitalis toxicity

- Ischemic response to exercise if happens with activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

voltage or amplitude is measure where on the graph paper?

A

y-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Time is measured on where on the graph paper?

A

x-axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

how many seconds are 1 tick?

A

3 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Square counting method is ideal for

A

regular rhythms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

during a normal sinus rhythm rate is

A

60-100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

During normal sinus rhythm QRST should be followed by what?

A

P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

During normal sinus rhythm, P is followed by ?

A

QRST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

During normal sinus rhythm, PR interval is constant at?

A

0.12 -0.20 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Q waves are a sign of what?

A

Previous MI (absence in electrical activity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

do Q waves go away?

A

usually there to stay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Widened QT interval/ syndrome ?

A

inherited or medication induced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Widened QT interval/ syndrome are often misdiagnosed as what?

A

seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

what type of drug is a patient on for a Widened QT interval/ syndrome?

A

Methadone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

why can Widened QT interval/ syndrome be dangerous ?

A

they can lead to ventricular arrhythmias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

U Waves represent repolarization if what?

A

purkinje fibers or papillary muscles

47
Q

Patient who may present with U waves ?

A

hypokalemia or hypercalcemia, digitalis toxicity, and is a possible indicator for myocardial ischemia

48
Q

dysrhythmia or arrhythmia

A

any rhythm other than NSR Arrhythmias

49
Q

Tachyarrythmia

A

rhythm with a rate >100 bpm

50
Q

Bradyarrythmia

A

rhythm with a rate < 60 bpm

51
Q

Ectopy

A

electrical activity outside of the normal pathways

52
Q

Junctional

A

premature impulses that arise from AV node or junctional tissue

53
Q

Ventricular

A

Very dangerous and can alter cardiac output

54
Q

ectopic focus

A

activity is originating or from a spot it is not supposed to

55
Q

causes of sinus tachycardia

A

increase in sympathetic stimulation (exercise, emotions(fear, anxiety), stimulants (caffeine, atropine, nicotine, amphetamines), increase in O2 demands)

56
Q

What do we do for tachycardia?

A
  • Attempt to eliminate the cause

- Initiation of beta-blocker therapy

57
Q

Causes of sinus bradycardia

A
  • super fit folks
  • Beta blockers
  • Increased vagal stimulation
58
Q

symptoms of bradycardia

A

syncope, dizziness, angina or diaphoresis

59
Q

what do we do for bradycardia?

A

Nothing, unless patients are sypmtomic

-atropine, temp pacemaker

60
Q

Sinus Arrhythmia

A

Quickening and slowing of impulse formation

61
Q

Most common cause for Sinus Arrhythmia

A

respiratory cycle

62
Q

Sinus Arrhythmia during expiration? & Inspiration ?

A

Expiration: slowing
Inspiration: speeding

63
Q

What is it called when there is no true P wave, but flutters

A

Atrial flutter (flutter waves)

64
Q

Is the ventricular rate effected during atrial flutter?

A

Not typically

65
Q

Causes for atrial flutter?

A

Rheumatic heart disease, mitral valve disease, hypoxemia

66
Q

treatment for atrial flutter

A

meds (digoxin, verapamil, beta-blockers)

Cardioversion

67
Q

Atrial rate during atrial flutter

A

250-300 times per minute

68
Q

what is it called when there is no true Pwave and SA node is no longer the pacemaker?

A

Atrial fibrillation

69
Q

during atrial fib there are multiple ectopic foci in where?

A

atria

70
Q

During atrial fibrillation, ventricular rate depends on what?

A

AV node responsiveness

71
Q

what is a classic sign of a fib?

A

highly irregular pulse

72
Q

causes of a fib?

A

Advanced age, ischemia/infarction, CHF, stress, and renal failure

73
Q

why is a fib a problem

A
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Becomes very dangerous in the presence of tachycardia
  • Stagnant blood…. excess coagulation….  clot formation
74
Q

when should you terminate/ hold exercises with someone with Afib?

A

when ventricular rate is > 120-130 bpm at rest

75
Q

what is the treatment of Afib

A

Pharmacological control, anticoagulation, radiofrequency ablation

76
Q

when do heart blocks occur?

A

when cardiac electrical impulse is either delayed or blocked within the AV node, bundle of HIS, or Purkinje system

77
Q

Is 1st degree heart block , a block or a delay?

A

Delay

78
Q

2st degree heart block/ Moritz I is caused by?

A

conduction delay at AV node or bundle of his

79
Q

What will be longer than normal in 2st degree heart block: Moritz I

A

PR interval

80
Q

what is almost always a disease of the AV node?

A

2nd degree heart block : mobitz I

81
Q

2nd degree heart block can also be known as

A

Moritz I or wenckebach

82
Q

what do you see on an ECG during 2nd degree heart block/ mobitz I

A

progressive elongation of PR interval followed by a “dropped” or missing QRS complex

83
Q

2nd degree. Moritz II is almost always a conduction disorder involving what?

A

bundle of his or purkinje system

84
Q

What do you see during a 2nd degree/ Moritz II

A
  • PR interval stays the same but “dropped” beats will be visible
  • Intermirrent non-conducted P waves
85
Q

Clinical significance of 2nd degree heart block/ mobitz II

A
  • Can rapidly progress to complete heart block

- Can lead to cardiac arrest

86
Q

Definitive treatment for 2nd degree heart block/ Moritz II

A

implanted pacemaker

87
Q

during 3rd degree or complete heart block impulses are generated where? and not conducted where?

A
  • generated in SA node

- NO conducted to ventricles

88
Q

3rd degree heart block is categorized by?

A

complete lack of relationship between P waves and QRS complexes

89
Q

what happens during a 3rd degree heart block?

A

A new or “accessory” pacemaker will generate “escape rhythms”, usually in the ventricles

90
Q

what are the two independent rhythms on the ECG?

A
  • P waves with a regular P to P interval (aka normal sinus rhythm)
  • The QRS complexes with regular R to R interval. PR interval is variable here.
91
Q

what causes 3rd degree or complete heart block?

A
  • Coronary ischemia
  • inferior wall MI (can damage AV node)
  • Anterior wall MI (can cause damage to distal conduction system of heart)
92
Q

Symptoms of 3rd deg heart block

A

severe bradycardia, hypotension, hemodynamic instability

93
Q

Treatment of 3rd degree heart block

A
  • Electrical pacing, either temporary or permanent

- Definitive treatment is dual chamber artificial pacemaker

94
Q

What are Premature ventricular contractions (PVC)

A
  • Ectopic focus generating an impulse from somewhere in the ventricles
  • Can be an individual event or occur in a predictable pattern
  • Can be unifocal or multifocal
95
Q

When should you be concern during PVC?

A
  • 3 PVC in a row

- 6 PVC in a minute

96
Q

PVC can lead to

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

97
Q

causes of PVC?

A

If isolated, possibly due to stress, caffeine or nicotine sensitivity, electrolyte imbalance
Ischemia, cardiac disease, irritation of myocardium

98
Q

Symptoms of PVC ?

A

Feeling of a “skipped beat”, possible feelings of anxiety, SOB, dizziness

99
Q

treatment of PVC?

A

Treat underlying cause
In patients with lung disease, PVCs may indicate hypoxemia. Patient should be placed on supplemental O2
Antiarrhythmic medication

100
Q

Ventricular tachycardia or tech is defined as?

A

3 or more PVCs in a row

-Rate 100-250 bpm

101
Q

sustained v-tach

A

run of v-tach> 30 s, even if it self terminates

102
Q

non-sustained v-tach

A

Self-termination in < 30 seconds

103
Q

v-tach can lead to?

A

ventricular fibrillation

104
Q

why does v-tach occur?

A

rapid firing by a single ventricular focus

105
Q

causes of v-tach?

A
  • Ischemia or acute infarction, CAD, heart disease
  • Medication reactions (digoxin or qunidine toxicity)
  • Athletes during exercise due to electrolyte imbalance
106
Q

Symptoms of v-tach?

A
  • Dizziness and syncope
  • Disorientation
  • Weak, thready pulse
107
Q

Treatment of v-tach?

A

Immediate pharmacological intervention, cardioversion or defibrillation

108
Q

What is Torsade de pointes

A
  • Unique configuration of v-tach
  • “Twisting of the points” around the isoelectric line
  • Often associated with prolonged Q-T interval
  • Occurs at a rapid rate and terminate spontaneously
109
Q

Torsade de pointes is a what?

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

110
Q

Torsade de pointes is treated with?

A

cardioversion

111
Q

what is ventricular fibrillation?

A

erratic quivering of ventricular musculature

112
Q

V fib is caused by?

A

multiple ectopic foci firing at the same time ….. no cardiac output

113
Q

What do you always associate V fib with?

A

cardiac arrest

Cardio Pulm: quiz 3 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions