Diagnostic Test Flashcards
When is common to preform a Holter Monitoring
Prior to d/c after a MI
Patients who are on a holter monitoring may referred for what?
EPS, ablation procedure, or ICD
EPS or Electrophysiology study is indicated to
Investigate the cause, location of origin, and best treatment for various abnormal heart rhythms
EPS or Electrophysiology study is associated with
Ablation
Problems that are evaluated for Echocardiography
- pericardial effusion
- Cardiac tamponade
- IdiopathicCardiomyopathy
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Mitral valve regurgitation
- MVP
- Aortic regurgitation
- Aortic stenosis
- Vegetation of valves
- Masses
- Ischemic heart muscle
- Aneurysm
- Thrombi
- Aortic dissection
Transesophageal Echo (TEE) allows for improved of
Visualization of cardiac structures and function and is valuable in the intraoperative and perioperative monitoring on the left vent performance
What is the mode of choice for the eval of cardioembolic stroke?
Transesophageal Echo (TEE)
Stress Echo Evaluates
Ischemia- induced wall motion abnormalities
What is the stress Echo useful for the eval of atypical symptoms such as
Dyspnea
Fatigue
Pt with no diagnostic ECGs with exercise or have atypical chest pain. Syndromes
Stress Echo is better for male or females ?
Females
Contrast Echo
IV injected contrast agent with the echo
Contrast Echo is improved for
Diagnostic accuracy to assess myocardial perfusion and ventricular chambers
Contrast Echo assess are of what?
of the myocardium at risk, for damage, presence or absence of coronary
collateral flow, and revascularization of occluded arteries after angioplasty
All imaging techniques are used for
Evaluation of coronary artery disease and cardiac dysfunction
Imaging modalities
- SPECT
- PET
- CT
- EBCT
- MUGA
- MRI
SpECT
Noninvasive method to detect and quantify myocardial perfusion defects and contractility defects and is used in conjunction with radioactive isotopes
PET provides
Visualization and direct measurement of metabolic functioning
including glucose and fatty acid metabolism and blood flow of the heart
Gold Standard for blood flow measurement and metabolic assessment of
the heart
PET
PET are
Expensive
CT used predominantly to identify
masses in
the cardiovascular system
Ct detects
aortic aneurysms or pericardial
thickening
CTA (CT angiography) highlights
coronary arteries to evaluate for
CHD
If a pt is getting a sprial CT ….
HOLD TREATMENT
Spiral CT is used to
Evaluate presence of PE
EBCT
Electron Beam computerized
Tomography
EBCT is a noninvasive method to detect … by
coronary atherosclerosis by detecting
coronary calcification
Detects the presence of calcium in the
coronary arteries as well as the location,
extent, and density of the deposits and
provides a calcium scoring system
MUGA
Noninvasive technique to calculate left ventricular
ejection fraction
MRI evaluates
morphology, cardiac blood flow, and
myocardial contractility
MRI used to assess
valvular disease, cardiac shunts,
quantification of cardiac flow, and coronary artery
anatomy
MRI are similar diagnostic accuracy as
PET
Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging is the assessment of
coronary perfusion
Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging is commonly used agents include
thallium-201 and
technetium-99m (sestamibi)
During Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging, what appears as cold spots on the scan
Nonperfused or dead myocardium
During radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging, A cold spot immediately after exercise as well as 4
hours afterward is considered
irreversibly damaged
(scarred) but an area the reperfuses after 4 hours is
ischemic
Sestamibi are
More stable
Radioactive Nuclide Perfusion Imaging can detect infarcts that are?
A few hours old
Pharmacologic Stress Testing
A physiologic stress test while the
patient remains in a resting state
Most common agents used for PST
dupyridamole, dobutamine, or
adensoine
PST are the same or different than EST?
safety is the same
Cardiac Catheterization is what type of procedure?
Invasive
Cardiac Catheterization establishes or conforms a diagnosis of
cardiac dysfunction or heart disease,
demonstrates the severity of coronary
artery disease or valvular dysfunction
Cardiac Catheterization determines guidelines for
optimal
management of the patient
Cardiac Catheterization should or should not have PT
-Should not, wait a couple day. Do not want to pull fem art plug
Caths treatments are usually called
percutaneous coronary
intervention
WHat is alternative to CABG
Caths (Percutaneous coronary intervention )
Pt implications for cardiac Catherization
Since femoral ARTERY is accessed,pressure needs to be placed on area 4-8
hours after procedure
- Patients are typically on bedrest with LE inknee immobilizer post-cath
- Some patients may c/o groin pain
Post Cath pts are on what
Bedrest
Main infor of a Cardiac Cath
EF, which arteries blocked to
and to what percentage, valve
dysfunction
Caths results are important to
give
valuable info to PTs during a chart
review
What is an important diagnostic test for coronary spasm
Ergonovine stimulation
Ergonovine Stimulation are performed where?
Cath lab or ICU
What is Needed for the evaluation and management
of some congenital pulmonary anomalies as
well as some acquired diseases
Bronchography
Bronchography permits
study of normal and variant
anatomy and gross pathologic changes in the
bronchial wall and lumen
Is coughing up blood after Bronchoscopy okay?
Yes
Bronchoscopy is occasionally used to
clear viscous secretion or
to retrieve a foreign object
Bronchoscopy is indicated to asses for
infection that cannot be
evaluated from a sample or to asses
malignancy
Holter Monitor is
Continuous 24 hour ECG monitoring
Holter Monitor provides information for the diagnosis and managent of
episodes of arrhythmias and
symptoms
Indications in identifying symptoms possibly caused by for Holter Monitor include
dysrhythmias (dizziness, syncope,
SOB), describing the dysrhythmias noted with
activity, and evaluating anti-arrhythmia therapy and
pacemaker functioning
EPS (Electrophysiology study) is indicated to investigate
Cause, location of origin and best treatment for various abnormal heart rhythms
EPS are often associated with
Ablation
Echocardiography is what type of procedure
Noninvasive that evaluates the functioning heart
What gives real-images of the beating heart
Echocardiography
Echocardiography asses the performance of
heart muscle and valves,
quantifies volumes of the left vent., estimates SV and
EF
