EKG Flashcards

0
Q

How long should the P wave be? QRS? A-T interval?

A

P: 0.12-0.20 sec
QRS: under 0.10 sec
Q-T: under 0.38

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1
Q

What does the P wave correspond with? QRS? T?

A

P: atrial depolarization (contraction)
QRS: ventricular depolarization (and atrial repolarization)
T: ventricular repolarization

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2
Q

A 12-lead EKG has how many views of the heart? How many electrodes?

A

10 electrodes

12 views of the heart (“lead”=views)

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3
Q

Where are V1, V2, and V3 placed?

A

V1 4th intercostal space R sternal border
V2 4th intercostal space L sternal border
V3 between V2 and V4

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4
Q

Where are V4, V5, and V6 placed?

A

V4: 5th intercostal, midclavicular line
V5: 5th intercostal, anterior axillary line
V6: 5th intercostal, midaxillary line

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5
Q

What view of the heart do leads I, II, and III show?

A

I: lateral
II: inferior
III: inferior

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6
Q

What view of the heart does aVR, aVL, and aVF show?

A

aVR: L main
aVL: lateral
aVF: inferior

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7
Q

What view of the heart does V1-V6 show?

A

V1, V2: septal
V3, V4: anterior
V5, V6: lateral

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8
Q

When given a 12-lead EKG, how do you determine what points to plot on the chart to see the axis the heart is laying?

A

Take a few of the views and subtract the top number of boxes of the QRS from the bottom number of boxes QRS. Draw a perpendicular line from the point that is plotted. The lines overlap in an area, that’s the axis the heart is laying in. Normal is the bottom R quadrant.

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9
Q

What EKG changes show ischemia? Injury? Infarction/necrosis?

A

Ischemia: T wave inversion
Injury: ST elevation
Infarction/necrosis: Q wave

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10
Q

Which area MI happens with occlusion of RCA?

A

Posterior/inferior MI

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11
Q

Which area MI happens with occlusion of LCA?

A

Anterolateral MI

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12
Q

Which area MI happens with occlusion of LAD?

A

Anteroseptal MI

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13
Q

Which area MI happens with occlusion of LCX?

A

Lateral MI

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14
Q

Where are you more likely to have a heart attack? LV/RV?

A

LV (only 10% of heart attacks are RV)

The area of myocardium most vulnerable to ischemia is the left ventricular subendocardium

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15
Q

What gets shorter in sinus tachycardia, systole or diastole?

A

Diastole
Q-T is systole
T-Q is diastole

16
Q

What do junctional rhythms look like on the EKG?

A

Junctional escape rhythm has slow HR (40-60) bc AV is pacemaker, no P wave
Accelerated junctional looks like NSR but no p wave

17
Q

What do ventricular rhythms look like?

A

Idioventricular rhythm: slow HR (15-40) because ventricle is pacemaker, wide QRS, low EF
Vtach: fast HR with wide QRS, no time to fill so very low CO
Vfib: no blood is being moved, ventricle is fibrillating
Ventricular standstill: constant P waves with no QRS

18
Q

What is the difference between PAC, PJC, and PVC? (premature atrial contraction, premature junctional contraction, and premature ventricular contraction)

A

PAC has a P before the premature QRS
PJC has NO P wave before the premature QRS
PVC has a premature wide QRS (more likely to get this with caffeine)

19
Q

What is first degree heart block?

A

Normal HR, every P has a QRS, but P-R interval is lengthened but uniform

20
Q

What is third degree heart block?

A

Slow HR (low CO), P and QRS are not communicating, going at their own speeds without listening to each other, wide QRS

21
Q

What is second degree heart block type 1?

A

Longer, longer, drop, must be Wenckebach

P-R interval increases until QRS is missing

22
Q

What is second degree heart block type 2?

A

P-R interval is normal and constant, but QRS only fires for 1/2 or 1/3 of them, slow HR
AKA Mobitz