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EKG Flashcards

1
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for AVR?

A

-150° and +30°

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2
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for AVF ?

A

+90° and -90°

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3
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for AVL?

A

-30° and +150°

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4
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for Lead I?

A

180° and 0

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5
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for Lead 2?

A

+60° and -120°

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6
Q

What are the negative and positive angles for lead 3?

A

+120° and -60°

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7
Q

What is the angle of a straight line?

A

180°

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8
Q

What are the 2 branches in the autonomic system?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic system.

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9
Q

Is the autonomic system under voluntary control?

A

No

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10
Q

What can occur when the sympathetic system is stimulated?

A

Increase heart rate
Increase blood pressure
Increase bronchodilation

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11
Q

Name a sympathomimetic Amine drug

A

Albuterol

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12
Q

What occurs when you stimulate the parasympathetic system?

A

Decrease Heart Rate
Decrease Blood Pressure
Increase bronchoconstriction

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13
Q

Name a contraindication for Cardiac patient’s?

A

Administration of enema.
It can stimulate the vagus nerves or the parasympathetic end leading to bradycardia

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14
Q

Does atropine and Ipratropium Bromide has any adverse effects on the cardiac system. If so, how?

A

Yes,
They both can cause an increase in heart rate

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15
Q

Define ParasympathoIytic

A

Substances or medication that block the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.

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16
Q

Define Sympatholytic

A

medications that inhibit or block the actions of the sympathetic nervous.

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17
Q

Define sympathomimetic

A

substances or medication that mimics or enhances the effects of the sympathetic nervous system.

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18
Q

Define Parasympathomimetic

A

A Substance that mimics or enhances the effects of the parasympathetic system.

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19
Q

Sympathetic and parasympatholytic Cause
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Vasodilation
C. Bronchodilation
D. Bronchoconstriction

A

C. Bronchodilation

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20
Q

Which of the following is contraindicated in Asthma?
A. Anticholinergic drugs
B. Beta blockers
C. Albuterol
D. Parasympathetic (blocks parasympathetic System)

A

Beta blockers

Reasoning:
it blocks sympathetic drugs from binding to adrenergic receptors, which can lead to bronchoconstruction

21
Q

What is the normal range for potassium?

A

3.5 to 5.5

22
Q

What’s the effect that low potassium has on the heart?

A

Low potassium makes the heart susceptible to arrhythmias

23
Q

Does all uniformed PVC’s look the same? If not why?

24
Q

Do multiformed PVC’s all have different morphology?

25
During ventricular fibrillation for more than 1 minute, would the patient be conscious? If so why?
No
26
Which of the following is false? A. Ventricular fibrillation shows no identifiable waves B. Ventricular fibrillation requires immediate defibrillation C. Atropine is the drug of choice for tachycardia D. stimulating the sympathetic nervous system can cause bronchodilation
C. Atropine is the drug of choice for tachycardia
27
If a patient has no pulse, which of the following should you do? A. CPR B. Defibrillation C. Conversion D. administer albuterol
A. CPR
28
An EKG machine is being run at normal speed. The distance between the r waves is 32 small boxes. The patient heartrate is closest to A. 30 B. 45 C. 60 D. 70 E.75
B
29
Which of the following is/ are true? 1. The length of the baseline between two waves is called a segment. 2. The p-r interval includes the Q wave 3. Q wave deflect above the baseline
1
30
When the standardization mark rises above the baseline, 5 small boxes you would have A. Normal standardization B. 1/2 standardization C. 1/4 standardization D. Double Standardization E. 5 times standardization
C
31
Which of the following statements is true? 1. The P wave is easy to identify in ventricular Fibrillation 2. The T-wave represents ventricular repolarization 3. A person who has left ventricular hypertrophy would most likely have right axis deviation
2
32
Which of the following statements is/are true? 1. lead 2 has the positive electrode attached to the left leg 2. Lead 3 has a positive electrode attached to the left leg 3. Lead AVF has a negative electrode attached to the left leg 4. Lead AVR has positive electrode attached to the right arm
1,2 ,4
33
If you had two normal beats, followed by one abnormal beat, you would have. A. Normal Sinus rhythm B. Bigeminy C. Trigeminy D. Quadgeminy E.Tetrageminy
C
34
A person with a negative QRS in lead AVF and a negative QRS in lead 1 would have. A. Normal axis B. left axis deviation C. Right oaxis deviation D. Extreme right axis deviation E. Extreme dextrotatory deviation
D
35
Which of the following is/are true? 1. The PR interval includes the Q wave if there is one 2. The P wave represents the atrial depolarization 3. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes a decrease in heart rate and bronchoconstriction to occur 4. The drug of choice in treating sinus bradycardia is atropine
1.
36
Which of the following statements is/are possible? 1. It is possible to have a mean QRS axis of -135 degree and have a very positive QRS Waveform in AVR 2. It is possible to have a mean QRS axis of +5 degrees and have a very negative- - QRS Waveform in L2 3. It is possible to have a mean QRS axis of -35 degrees and have a very negative QRS n / o Waveform in AVF
1 and 3
37
If a person has extreme right axis deviation, then Which of the following would record a positive QRS Complex? A. AVL B. Lead I C. Lead2 D. lead 3 E. AVR
E
38
Which of the following statements is /are True? 1. If PVC's are triggered from one specific area in the ventricles, then the Py C's are said to be uniformed, and the shape of each PVC will look differently from every other PVC on the EKG. 2. If the EKG is being run at 50 mm per second, then each small 1mm box is equal to .02 3. The normal value for the P-R interval is .12 to. 20 seconds
2,3
39
Which of the following statements is/ are true? 1. If a person has left ventricular hypertrophy, the mean QRS Vector is displaced toward the hypertrophied side 2. If a person has had a myocardial infarction, the mean QRS vector is displaced away from the infarct. 3. Severe hypoxic vasoconstriction will cause an increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure
1,2,3
40
If a doctor told you that his patient had a mean QRS axis of -65 degrees, then he would probably be A. a normal axis B. Left axis deviation C. Right axis deviation D. Extreme right axis deviation
B
41
What is the normal PR interval range?
.12 to .20 seconds
42
Normal range For QRS Complex
<.12 sec
43
If the amplitude of the QRS complex is too small you would then switch the standardization to: 1. Double standardization 2. 1/2 standardization 3.1/4 standardization
1
44
The contraction of the ventricle normally occurs A. Before the P-wave B. Just after the ST segment C. Just before the R wave D. Just after the QRS Complex E. Immediately after the P-wave
D
45
The precordial lead that is located at the midclavicular position in the 5th intercostal space is called A.V1 B.V2 C. V3 D. V4 E. V5
V4
46
Which of the followingI waves deflect or may deflect below the baseline? 1. R waves 2. P waves 3. S waves 4. Q waves
2,3,4
47
If an R wave occurs on a dark black line and the next R wave occurs on a dark black line that is 3 dark black lines away from it, then the heart rate is A. 300 BPM B. 100 BPM C. 60 BPM D. 75 BPM E. 150 BPM
B
48
If you inhibit the parasympathetic system, which of the following is/are true? 1. Bronchoconstriction will result 2. The heart rate will increase 3. The blood pressure will increase
2,3

Respiratory (3 decks)

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