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Anesthesia Principles 1 > EKG > Flashcards

EKG Flashcards

1
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarization begins

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2
Q

PR-interval

A

Atrial depolarization complete

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3
Q

Atrial depolarization + Ventricula depolarization

A

QRS complex

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4
Q

ST-segment

A

Ventricular depolarization complete

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5
Q

T wave

A

Ventricular repolarization begins

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6
Q

Depolarization begins (Atria)

A

P wave

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7
Q

Depolarization complete (Atria)

A

PR interval

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8
Q

Repolarization (Atria)

A

QRS

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9
Q

Depolarization begins (Ventricle)

A

QRS

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10
Q

Depolarization complete (ventricular)

A

ST segment

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11
Q

Repolarization begins

A

T wave

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12
Q

Repolarization complete

A

After T wave

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13
Q

PeRicarditis

A

can cause PR-interval depression

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14
Q

Peaked T-waves

A

myocardial ischemia, kyperkalemia, LV hypertrophy, intercranial bleeding

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15
Q

PR segment

A

isoelectric line, reference point for measuring ST elevation

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16
Q

Hypokalemia (ECG changes)

A

increased PR interval, increased QT interval, T wave flattening, U wave

17
Q

Hyperkalemia (ECG changes)

A

peaked T waves, P wave flattening, PR prolongation, QRS prolongation , V-fib

18
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

shoRt QT interval

19
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

lOng QT interval

20
Q

Hypermagnesemia

A

heart block and arrest

21
Q

HypOmagnesemia

A

lOng QT interval (torsades risk)

22
Q

RCA: Inferior Heart

A

II, III, aVF

23
Q

Circumflex: Left Lateral Heart

A

I, aVL, V5, V6

24
Q

LCA: Anterior Heart, LAD

A

V1-V4

25
Q

Bipolar leads

A

I, II, III

26
Q

Limb leads

A

aVR, aVL, aVF

27
Q

Pericordial

A

V1-V6

28
Q

The mean electrical vector tends to point towards…

A

areas of hypertrophy (more tissue to depolarize) and away from areas of myocardial infarction

29
Q

If lead I and aVF point up then…

A

the axis is normal (two thumbs up)

30
Q

leads (R)eaching towards one another (I points down and aVF points up)

A

(R)ight axis deviation

31
Q

If leads are (L)eaving each other then…

A

(L)eft axis deviation

32
Q

If both leads point down then…

A

Extreme Right axis deviation (two thumbs down)

33
Q

Normal axis voltage

A

between -30 and +90

34
Q

more negative than -30

A

LEFT axis deviation

35
Q

more positive than +90

A

RIGHT axis deviation

36
Q

Causes of Right Axis Deviation

A

COPD, acute bronchospasm, for pulmonale, pulmonary HTN, pulmonary embolus

37
Q

Causes of Left Axis Deviation

A

Chronic HTN, LBBB, Aortic stenosis, Aortic insufficiency, MR

Anesthesia Principles 1 (11 decks)

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