Ej relevant Flashcards
What is behavioural medicine and what makes it different from health psychology?
What are the main models and theories in health psychology and what are the main criticisms of them?
What does the field of health psychology need in the future?
What is the biopsychosocial model from the 70s?
is behavioural medicine interdisciplinary?
yes, of behavioural and biomedical science relevant to health and illness, for prevention, diagnosis, treatment enad rehabilitation.
Summary
* A predominant justification for behavioral medicine
is that behavior or environmental conditions affect a
biological process.
* However, arguably, behavioral outcomes are the
most important consequences in studies of health
care and medicine.
* These outcomes include longevity, health-related
quality of life, and symptomatic complaints.
Measures in biomedical science often have limited
reliability and validity – demonstrated through
relations with longevity, role performance,
behavioral functioning, and symptomatic experience,
and these correlations are often modest.
* Recognizing that health outcomes are behavioral
directs intervention toward whatever method
produces the most health benefit at the lowest cost.
Health psychology… is concerned with understanding how biological, psychological,
environmental, and cultural factors are involved in physical health
and illness.
* Health psychologists work in clinical settings, on behavior change in
public health promotion, at universities, and conduct research.
* Different divisions within health psychology include clinical health
psychology, public health psychology, and community health
psychology.
Division 38: The Society for Health Psychology
(SfHP) seeks to improve the lives of individuals
and society by promoting health, preventing
illness, and improving health care through
research, practice, education, training, and
advocacy.
The journal of Health psychology seeks submissions that address the interface of
psychology and health and wellness. Topics include but are not limited to
state-of-the-science research on biobehavioral pathways and mechanisms;
social determinants of health; psychosocial and sociocultural influences;
intervention development, dissemination and implementation science
including sustainability, policy, and impact on clinical practices; and
theoretical and methodological advance
Unobserved mediating and typically hypothetical entities,
however, have questionable ontological status and do not
immediately indicate how to make change happen.
5) Some would argue it is better to focus on (a) the person as a
unity rather than a duality, (b) behavior in its own right, (c)
relational or network oriented accounts of functional relations
rather than mechanistic accounts of parts underlying behavior.
Three Fundamental Difficulties in Developing
Good Psychological Theory
- A lack of (sufficient) robust phenomena.
- A lack of validity and epistemic iteration for psychological
constructs. - The problem of establishing psychological causes.
scientific laws and theories are statements that provide guidance
or influence over the behavior of individuals who need to deal effectively with nature.
What are 7 different theories in health medicine?
Health Belief Model (1975)
* Social Ecological Model (1977)
* Transtheoretical Model (stages of change)(1982)
* Social Cognitive Theory (1982)
* Theory of Planned Behavior (1985)
* Self-Determination Theory (1985)
* Common Sense Model (1992)
Health beilief model
Transtheoretical model / Stages of change
Behaviour change stages
Social cognitive theory
reciprocal determinism
Social ecological model
theory of planned behaviour
Criticisms of Theory of Planned Behavior
- Too simple.
- Too focused on rational reasoning, not enough on nonconscious influences.
- Full of common sense notions that are unfalsifiable.
- Limited predictive validity.
- Mediation assumptions in model are conceptually odd and shown to be false in
evidence. - Too much of the evidence is correlational and based in healthy young samples.
- It includes no theory of behavior change per se and does not lend itself to
experimental tests. - Does not help in intervention design.
- Does not reflect accumulated knowledge.
- Is now reappearing in the form of extended TPB models – which is not helpful.
the common sense of illness self-regulation
the behaviour change wheel
the COM-B system
Framework for understanding behaviour
BCW comprising
behaviour system, intervention functions and policy categories
What are sources of behaviour in the behaviour change wheel?
What are intervention function in the behaviour change wheel?
What are policy sources in the behaviour change wheel?
Intervention in the health domain according to Self determination theory
Give examples of nudging and regulating actions on smoking, alkohol, diet, physical activity.
Reflecting widespread interest in concepts of ‘nudging’ and ‘choice
architecture’, there is increasing research and policy attention on altering
aspects of the small-scale physical environment, such as portion sizes or
the placement of products, to change health-related behaviour at the
population level. There is, however, a lack of clarity in characterizing these
interventions and no reliable framework incorporating standardized
definitions. This hampers both the synthesis of cumulative evidence
about intervention effects, and the identification of intervention
opportunities. To address this, a new tool, TIPPME (typology of
interventions in proximal physical micro-environments), has been
developed.
TIPPME
Hsitory and future of CBT?
Operant, CBT, Contextual CBT, next approach?
Fear-avoidance model (Article: Fear avoidance and its ocnsequences in chronic musculouskeletal pain, 2000)
What are the facets of psychological flexibility?
OPEN: Acceptance, cognitive delusion. AWARE: Contact with the present moment, self as a context. ENGAGED: values, committed action
Extended evolutionary meta-model of processes of change in psychological intervention. What are the systems, levels and dimensions?
What are CSM concepts?
What are ACT strategies and techniques in health psychology?
What are the similarities between MI and ACT?
- Emphasis on languages’ role in behaviour. 2. Tailored, relationship. 3. Language accpeting and no explicit prescription for change. 4. Values motivate change, develop discrepancy.
What are the differences between MI and ACT?
- MI: humanism, ACT: functional contextualism. 2. MI: self perception, speech act, ACT: relational frame theory. 3. MI: active listening, roll with resistance, ACT: self-disclosing, shared suffering, mindful. 4. MI: dialogue, ACT: metaphorical, experiential. 5. MI: values as behavioural ideals, enhance reason-giving, ACT: values as chosen life directions, undermine reason-giving.
