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101 - Diagnostics > Eight Principles > Flashcards

Eight Principles Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Syndrome

A

pathological summary of location, cause, nature

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2
Q

Differentiate Locations

A

Space: HT, KD, bone, mouth, tendon, great yang meridian

Level: defensive qi, nutritive level, blood, lower burner, middle burner

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3
Q

Differentiate Cause/Nature

A

Abstract: heat, cold, yin, yang, excessive, deficiency

Concrete: water retention, food retention, blood stasis, dampness

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4
Q

2 things that’s included in the Space Location?

A
  1. Zang-Fu organs/internal organs
  2. Meridians/channels
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5
Q

Summarize the 8 Principles

A

Exterior/Interior: location of the disease
Heat/Cold: nature of the disease
Excessive/Def: pathological change of disease
Yin/Yang: category of disease

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6
Q

What is Exterior Syndrome?

A

Invasion of 6 pathogenic factors. Enters through mouth, nose, skin. This is the early stage of exterior disease

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7
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Exterior Syndrome?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Aversion to Cold
  3. Aching head/body
  4. Thin tongue coating
  5. Floating pulse
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8
Q

Exterior Cold/Wind/Heat Syndrome requires what?

A

Requires Wind to enter the body as Wind blows open the skin pores, allowing pathogen to enter

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9
Q

What is Interior Syndrome?

A

Internal organs are affected. Disharmony of: Zang-Fu organs, qi-blood, and bone marrow

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10
Q

What are the 3 causes of Interior Syndrome?

A
  1. Failure to cure exterior syndrome, allowing illness to enter the body
  2. Exterior pathogen directly attacks viscera
  3. Disharmony of emotion, diet, lifestyle, chronic fatigue
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11
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Interior Syndrome?

A
  1. Tidal fever, heat w/o cold, cold w/o heat
  2. Stomach or abdominal pain, vomiting
  3. Scanty coating
  4. deep pulse
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12
Q

What is Semi-Exterior and Semi-Interior?

A

A stage that pathogenic factors transmit from exterior to interior. Also called Shao Yang Syndrome.

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13
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Shao Yang Syndrome?

A
  1. Alternating feeling of cold and heat
  2. Fullness or ache in epigastrium and hypochondrium
  3. Blurred eyes
  4. Wiry pulse
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14
Q

Define Cold and Heat Syndrome.

A

Nature of a disease. Reflect wax and wane of yin yang in the body

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15
Q

Describe Cold Syndrome.

A

Cold in nature.

Exterior: pathogenic cold invades the skin
Interior: cold attacks the viscera = excessive / yang constitution = def

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16
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cold Syndrome.

A
  1. Aversion to cold/feeling cold
  2. Cold limbs, lie curl up
  3. Pale bright white face
  4. Abundant clear urine, loose stool

T: Pale tongue, moist white coating
P: slow or tight

17
Q

Describe Heat Syndrome.

A

Heat in nature.

Exterior: pathogenic heat invades the skin
Interior:
- exterior pathogen transmits to interior = changes into heat
- qi stagnation/food retention changes into heat = excessive heat
- yin def, empty heat generates from interior = deficiency heat

18
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Heat Syndrome.

A
  1. Aversion to heat,
  2. Thirst, desire to drink cold drinks
  3. Red face and eyes
  4. Irritability
  5. Yellow sputum and discharge
  6. Scanty dark urine

T: Red tongue, yellow coating
P: rapid

19
Q

Describe the mixture of Cold and Heat Syndrome.

A

Different nature of syndromes on one patient, can be seen in Jue Yin (Terminal Yin)

20
Q

What is the cause of True Heat with False Cold Syndrome?

A

Interior excess heat obstructs Yang Qi > Yang Qi stagnates and can’t go out

21
Q

4 Clinical Manifestations of True Heat Symptoms.

A
  1. High fever
  2. Foul and hoarse breath
  3. Thirst, like cold drinks
  4. Scanty yellow urine, constipated

T: yellow with dry coating
P: pulse with strength

22
Q

4 Clinical Manifestations of Yin Cold Symptoms.

A
  1. Aversion to cold/shivers
  2. Cold limbs
  3. Unconsciousness
  4. Dark purplish face

P: deep pulse

23
Q

What is the cause of True Cold with False Heat Syndrome?

A

Interior excess cold expel deficiency yang floating out

24
Q

3 Clinical Manifestations of True Cold Symptoms.

A
  1. Cold limbs
  2. Abundant clear urine
  3. Pale tongue, white coating
25
Q

4 Clinical Manifestation of False Yang Symptoms.

A
  1. Self-felt fever
  2. Red cheeks (like make-up)
  3. Irritability
  4. Large, floating pulse; without strength when pressing
26
Q

When does Real and False Manifestations happen for Cold and Heat Syndromes?

A

Real Manifestations:
Happens from the beginning

False Manifestations:
Happens during the late stage only

27
Q

Real and False Manifestations Locations

A

Real Manifestation:
Chest, abdomen, fluid, qi-blood
IE. Fluid - thirst, urine / Centre Heat - chest, abdomen excessive heat/cold

False Manifestation:
Superficial level, extremities, face

28
Q

Describe Excessive and Deficiency.

A

The fight between pathogenic qi and healthy qi.

Excessive: predominance of pathogenic qi
Deficiency: healthy qi deficiency

29
Q

Describe the causes of Excessive Syndrome.

A
  1. Exterior pathogenesis invades the body
  2. Accumulation of pathogenesis production (dampness, phlegm, blood stasis, fluids) due to viscera dysfunction
30
Q

Describe the causes of Deficiency Syndrome.

A
  1. Prenatal def
  2. Postnatal def (due to malnutrition esp w kids during developmental stage, affects SP)
  3. Healthy qi deficiency due to chronic illness (pathogen attacks the body = body def
31
Q

Summarize Deficiency Syndrome.

A

Duration: long (chronic)
Constitution: weak
Spirit: lassitude
Voice: low voice, weak breath
Pain: alleviated by pressure
Distention: on and off
Fever: 5 centre heat
Aversion to cold: fear of cold, alleviated by warmth

T: tender, fine coating, scanty or no coating
Pulse: without strength

32
Q

Summarize Excessive Syndrome.

A

Duration: short (new illness)
Constitution: strong
Spirit: excited
Voice: loud voice, harsh breath
Pain: aggravated by pressure
Distention: non stop
Fever: fever all over
Aversion to cold: aversion to cold, not alleviated by heat

T: tough, coarse texture, greasy coating
P: with strength

33
Q

What are the Key Points to Distinguish False and True Manifestations of Excessive and Deficiency Syndromes?

A
  1. Strength and spirit of the pulse
  2. Tongue - body: tender-thick / coating: thick-none
  3. Voice - low or loud
  4. Body constitution, cause, duration, healing process of illness
34
Q

What is Yin and Yang?

A

The leading principle of the 8 Principle Differentiation.

Yang = exterior, excess, heat
Yin = interior, deficiency, cold

35
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Yin Syndrome.

A

*Refer to deficiency, cold, interior

  1. Pale dull face, heavy body, cold limbs
  2. Poor appetite, bland taste no thirst
  3. Abundant clear urine, loose or fishy smelly stool

T: pale tongue, puffy and tender
P: deep and slow pulse, weak, thready, choppy

36
Q

Clinical Manifestation of Yang Syndrome.

A
  1. Red face, hot skin
  2. Irritability, constipation
  3. Loud voice, hoarse breath

T: crimson (deep-red) tongue, dark or yellow coating
P: overflowing, slippery, or rapid pulse

37
Q

Summarize Yin Depletion Syndrome.

A

Sweat: hot sweat, salty taste, sticky
Limbs: warm
Tongue: red, dry
Pulse: thready, rapid with strength
Ohers: fever, irritability, thirst; prefers cold drinks

38
Q

Summarize Yang Depletion Syndrome.

A

Sweat: profuse cold sweat, neutral taste
Limbs: cold
Tongue: white, moist
Pulse: thready, tiny, hard to feel
Others: cold body, lie curl up, fatigue, no thirst; prefers hot drinks

39
Q

When does Yin Depletion occur?

A

Happens during the disturbance of water and electrolyte metabolism, high fever with profuse sweating, vomiting, dehydration, blood loss

101 - Diagnostics (12 decks)

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