EID and One Health Approach Flashcards
What are some factors influencing the decrease in infectious disease in the 20th century?
Factors leading to infectious disease Emergence
Important factor leading to EID: Changing Demographics
- Rising world population
- changing population distribution (3rd world urbanization)
- Aging population- have implication for disease
Immune senescence
The aging of your immune system
Important factor leading to EID: Greater Host Susceptibility
- Malnutrition
- Immune senescence
- Immunosuppressive therapy
- HIV
- Malignancy
- Transplantation
Important factor leading to EID: Social and Behavioral Factors
- Cultural
- Family work dynamics
- Travel, commerce, migratioon
- Antimicrobial use
- Sexual contact and practices
- Substance abuse
- Consumption behavior (eating,drinking)
- Recreational activities and novel vacation locations
How will the evolution of popualation effect the emergence of infection disease?
It’s estimated that by 2050, 70% of the worlds population will live in cities. That coupled with slum growth
Important factor leading to EID: Socioeconomic Dispareties
standing water in urban areas, the rich vs the poor
What are some examples of technology or industry that might lead to the emergence of new infectious diseases?
- Heathcare tech
- Building structure and engineering
- Antimicrobial use in livestock
- Food transport-national and int’national
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease
A prion disease transmissted human to human transmitted mechanically
How is Legionairres Disease an example of technology as a factor in EID?
Cooling towers causing ourbreaks on leginella pnemonia
How does the use of antibiotics on farm animals influence the emergence of infectious diseases?
They are often administered in ways that increase resistence and results in outbreaks
How does farm to table impact EID’s?
Many differents points where cross-contamination can happen
What types of changes in environment and land use result in EIDs?
Natural events (El Nino,earthquakes, tsunami’s) and Human induced events
What are examples of human-induced events that induce EIDs?
- climate change
- encroachment on rain forests
- Deforestation
- Loss of biodiversity
- Conservation efforts
- Water control projects
- Road building
- Water and air pollution
What is climate variability
Inherent characteristic revealed in changes of climate over time.
Examples of this include: winter vs. summer, cycles, el nino vs la nina
What is climate change
Persistent change or trend in atmospheric conditions. This can result from solar activity, long-period changes in Earth’s orbital elements, anthropogenic (human-related pollutants) forces
El Nino and La Nina
El Nino winter- certain areas dry and warmer than normal, just different pattersn and has great effect on vector-borne disease
Example of El Nino EID outbreak
Dengue activity increases during El Nino winter years
What are some effects of climate change on human health?
How does deforrestation impact human health?
Closer contact with pathogens due to destruction of natural habitat
What are some examples of breakdown in public health measures?
- Lack of continued political and/or economic support for disease control campaigns
- Lack of resources or political support for vaccination
- Shifting health care disease control priorities
- Ineffective surveillance
- Spread of rumors and misinformation
What is the balance that must be struck between the push for diseases to emerge and reemerge and our attempt to staunch them?
