EID and One Health Approach

Question 1

What are some factors influencing the decrease in infectious disease in the 20th century?

Answer 1

Question 2

Factors leading to infectious disease Emergence

Answer 2

Question 3

Important factor leading to EID: Changing Demographics

Answer 3

• Rising world population
• changing population distribution (3rd world urbanization)
• Aging population- have implication for disease

Question 4

Immune senescence

Answer 4

The aging of your immune system

Question 5

Important factor leading to EID: Greater Host Susceptibility

Answer 5

• Malnutrition
• Immune senescence
• Immunosuppressive therapy
• HIV
• Malignancy
• Transplantation

Question 6

Important factor leading to EID: Social and Behavioral Factors

Answer 6

• Cultural
• Family work dynamics
• Travel, commerce, migratioon
• Antimicrobial use
• Sexual contact and practices
• Substance abuse
• Consumption behavior (eating,drinking)
• Recreational activities and novel vacation locations

Question 7

How will the evolution of popualation effect the emergence of infection disease?

Answer 7

It’s estimated that by 2050, 70% of the worlds population will live in cities. That coupled with slum growth

Question 8

Important factor leading to EID: Socioeconomic Dispareties

Answer 8

standing water in urban areas, the rich vs the poor

Question 9

What are some examples of technology or industry that might lead to the emergence of new infectious diseases?

Answer 9

• Heathcare tech
• Building structure and engineering
• Antimicrobial use in livestock
• Food transport-national and int’national

Question 10

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Answer 10

A prion disease transmissted human to human transmitted mechanically

Question 11

How is Legionairres Disease an example of technology as a factor in EID?

Answer 11

Cooling towers causing ourbreaks on leginella pnemonia

Question 12

How does the use of antibiotics on farm animals influence the emergence of infectious diseases?

Answer 12

They are often administered in ways that increase resistence and results in outbreaks

Question 13

How does farm to table impact EID’s?

Answer 13

Many differents points where cross-contamination can happen

Question 14

What types of changes in environment and land use result in EIDs?

Answer 14

Natural events (El Nino,earthquakes, tsunami’s) and Human induced events

Question 15

What are examples of human-induced events that induce EIDs?

Answer 15

• climate change
• encroachment on rain forests
• Deforestation
• Loss of biodiversity
• Conservation efforts
• Water control projects
• Road building
• Water and air pollution

Question 16

What is climate variability

Answer 16

Inherent characteristic revealed in changes of climate over time.
Examples of this include: winter vs. summer, cycles, el nino vs la nina

Question 17

What is climate change

Answer 17

Persistent change or trend in atmospheric conditions. This can result from solar activity, long-period changes in Earth’s orbital elements, anthropogenic (human-related pollutants) forces

Question 18

El Nino and La Nina

Answer 18

El Nino winter- certain areas dry and warmer than normal, just different pattersn and has great effect on vector-borne disease

Question 19

Example of El Nino EID outbreak

Answer 19

Dengue activity increases during El Nino winter years

Question 20

What are some effects of climate change on human health?

Answer 20

Question 21

How does deforrestation impact human health?

Answer 21

Closer contact with pathogens due to destruction of natural habitat

Question 22

What are some examples of breakdown in public health measures?

Answer 22

• Lack of continued political and/or economic support for disease control campaigns
• Lack of resources or political support for vaccination
• Shifting health care disease control priorities
• Ineffective surveillance
• Spread of rumors and misinformation

Question 23

What is the balance that must be struck between the push for diseases to emerge and reemerge and our attempt to staunch them?

Answer 23