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Env. Management, Science & Policy > EIA & Environmental Assessment > Flashcards

EIA & Environmental Assessment Flashcards

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1
Q

What were the very early developments in EIA for?

A

Mining in the USA & Oil and Gas in Scotland

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2
Q

What was the first legal requirement for EIA?

A

The EIA Directive 85/337/EEC

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3
Q

In what 5 years have there been amendments to the EIA Directive?

A 
1997
2003
2009
2011
2014
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4
Q

What is the full name of 85/337/EEC?

A

Directive on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment

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5
Q

Who is responsible for the production of an EIA?

A

The developer

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6
Q

What is the full definition of an EIA?

A

“A process for identifying the likely consequences for the biophysical environment and for mans health and welfare of implementing particular activities and for conveying this information, at a stage when it can materially affect their decision, to those responsible for sanctioning the proposals”

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7
Q

What is BAT (NEC)?

A

Best Available Techniques (Not at Excessive Cost)

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8
Q

Give 2 points about post-project monitoring

A
  1. It is the developers responsibility

2. There are guidelines available for what/how/when

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9
Q

What are the 6 stages (in order) of the EIA process? and at what stage does public participation come in?

A

Initial Inforation –> Screening –> Scoping –> Study & Report (PUBLIC PARTICIPATION HERE) –> Review –> Decision-Making

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10
Q

What type of plans may be included in the initial information for an EIA process?

A

Local Development Plans and Local Conservation Plans

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11
Q

What is Screening?

A

A comprehensive, clear and transparent method used to determine whether or not a proposal requires an EIA

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12
Q

Give 2 benefits of Screening

A
  1. Can prompt applicants to modify projects

2. Can reduce -ve impacts at an early stage

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13
Q

Which Annex outlines projects subject to mandatory assessment and how many project types are there?

A

Annex I

20 Types

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14
Q

Which Annex outlines projects subject to case-by-case examination and how many project types are there?

A

Annex II

13 Types

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15
Q

What 4 things does screening depend on?

A
  1. Project Type
  2. Consequences of the likely (significant) impacts
  3. Environmental Characteristics of the Area
  4. Indicative Thresholds
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16
Q

Who conducts the screening?

A

The developer and a competent authority

17
Q

Give 4 issues associated with screening

A
  1. People try to get out of the full EIA process
  2. Interpretation of Annex I and II projects
  3. Multi-Consent Projects
  4. Project Splitting to get through each stage
18
Q

What is Scoping?

A

The process of determining the extent and content of the matters, which should be contained in the environmental information to be submitted to a competent authority for projects which are subject to EIA

19
Q

What does Scoping do?

A

Identifies concerns and issues for consideration in an EIA assessment

20
Q

What 5 things can there be direct and indirect effects on, as stated in the EU Directive?

A
  1. Human Beings, Fauna and Flora
  2. Soil, Water, Air, Climate and Landscape
  3. Living Receptors
  4. Material Assets and Cultural Heritage and the Built Environment
  5. The interaction between the factors above
21
Q

Give 4 issues associated with scoping

A
  1. Will it threaten existing/proposed environmental quality standards?
  2. Concerns for local and national communities and environmental interest groups
  3. Conflicts with existing plans and policies
  4. Statutory Requirements
22
Q

Give 5 methods of assessing impacts

A
  1. Stakeholder Input
  2. Network Analysis
  3. Matrices
  4. GIS
  5. Checklists (may be pre-defined)
23
Q

In which year, did the directive allow MS to make scoping mandatory?

A

1997

24
Q

What are the 7 components of the Environmental Statement?

A
  1. Physical Characteristics of the Development
  2. Data required to Identify/Assess the affects of development
  3. Description of the likely Significant Effects
  4. Description of the Environmental Aspects that are likely to be affected
  5. Description of the Technical Difficulties encountered by the developer
  6. Main alternatives that have been considered and why
  7. Measures to mitigate potential environmental impact
25
Q

What are the 6 commonly cited benefits of EIA?

A
  1. Overall reduced cost and time effort of project implementation
  2. Cost-Saving modifications in project design
  3. Increased project acceptance
  4. Avoided Impacts and Violations of the law
  5. Improved Project Performance
  6. Avoid Treatment/Clean Up Costs
26
Q

What are 5 commonly cities issues of EIA?

A
  1. Rigid and minimal compliance and loopholes in Annex II thresholds set by MS in Town and Country Planning
  2. Specific issues with cumulative, strategic and indirect impacts
  3. Defining acceptable environmental impact
  4. Monitoring/Post Project Appraisal
  5. Developers see EIA as long and costly
27
Q

What is the full definition of an SEA?

A

“Formal, systematic and comprehensive process of evaluating the effects of a proposed policy, plan or programme or its alternatives, including the written report on the findings of that evaluation, and using the findings in publicly accountable decision-making”

28
Q

What is the code for the SEA Directive?

A

2001/42/EC

29
Q

What are the statutory and non-statutory priority plans for SEA in the UK?

A

Statutory - spatial plans, mineral & waste plans and RBMPs
Non-Statutory - shoreline management and catchment flood management plans

30
Q

How does SEA differ to EIA?

A

It is 10 years behind, it is public body led, considers plans, polices and programmes whereas EIA considers projects, scoping is obligatory, alternatives have to be considered and MS must monitor significant environmental effects

31
Q

What can be used on-top of EIA?

A

Development & Marine Consents

32
Q

Give 3 additional assessment methods

A
  1. Habitats Regulation Assessment
  2. Water Framework Directive Assessment
  3. Waste Framework Directive Assessment

Env. Management, Science & Policy (4 decks)

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