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Ehse > EHSE - final review > Flashcards

EHSE - final review Flashcards

1
Q

name and explain all routes of transmission and their portal of entry

A

direct transmission - transmission through contact with the patients blood or slaliva

indirect transmission - transfer of organisms to a susceptible person

airborne transmission - spread of disease through droplets of moisture

parenteral transmission - transmission through the skin, cuts etc

blood-borne transmission - involves direct or indirect contact with blood and bodily fluids

food and water transmission - when contaminated food has not been cooked properly

fecal-oral transmission - when pathogens in fecal matter is transmitted due to poor sanitization procedures

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2
Q

what is the most common route of transmission

A

the most common route of transmission is through direct contact

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3
Q

why is cold water used before you are finished handwashing

A

cold water closes the pores in the hands

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4
Q

what is PPE? why is it used? what determines the different levels of PPE worn?

A

ppe is personal potective equipment - used to protect you from blood, saliva, chemicals. type of potective clothing you should wear is based on degree of exposure to infectious materials

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5
Q

explain different types of gloves

A

examination gloves - worn by dental professionals during pt care

overgloves - worn over contaminated gloves

utility gloves - used when cleaning the treatment room

sterile surgical glove - worn during invasive procedures

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6
Q

explain protocol if a glove rips during a procedure

A
  • discard gloves immediately
  • ensure you did not get injured in any way
  • wash your hands
  • put on new gloves
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7
Q

explain the difference between ambidextrous and nnon-ambidextrous gloves

A

ambidextrous means that the gloves can be worn on either left or right hand

non-ambidextrous means that the gloves cannot be worn for both

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8
Q

why are most dental offices promoting more latex free products

A

there has been an increase in hypersensitivity with latex such as:
- irritant dermatitis, which is a non-immunologic process that occurs when there is contact with a substance

  • type IV allergic reaction, which is the most common allergic reaction and is an immune response that takes at least 2-3 days to appear after contact
  • type I allergic reaction, which the most dangerous allergic reaction and is a sever immune response that takes 2-3 minutes to appear
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9
Q

when should dental scrubs be changed

A

should be changed before leaving the dental clinic to avoid contamination

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10
Q

explain why nails must be kept short and wearing rings should be avoided

A
  • fake and long nails harbour bacteria as well as nail polish
  • rings can also harbour bacteria, and it can rip the gloves, or break
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11
Q

what exercise helps strengthen the hands

A
  • pressing plalms together and then relax
  • fully opening and closing hands
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12
Q

list 1-5 in order describing the chain of infection

A
  1. portal of entry - when pathogens enter the body through an opening
  2. susceptible host - a person who is unable to resist infection by a pathogen
  3. infectious agent - pathogen must be present in sufficient numbers to cause an infection
  4. reservoir - a place where microorganisms live and reproduce
  5. portal of exit - when the pathogen exits the body
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13
Q

what are DUWLs

A

dental unit waterlines
- where the dental op rooms get their water from

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14
Q

what is biofilm

A

bacteria cells and microbes that adhere to surfaces and form a protective layers

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15
Q

where can biofilm be found in the dental unit

A

DUWL

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16
Q

what bacteria is found in the DUWLs?

A

planktonic bacteria - free floating bacteria

biofilm - slime producing bacterial communities that can contain bacteria, fungi, algae and protosoa

17
Q

what factors contribute to bacteria colonization in DUWLs

A
  1. water moves slowly
  2. intermittent stagnation of water
  3. bacteria becomes stabilized
  4. water heaters contribute to bacteria levels increase
18
Q

can flushing and treating DUWLs completely remove all biofilm from the lines

A

you cannot completely remove all biofilm, but you can reduce it

19
Q

can flushing and treating DUWLs completely remove all biofilm from the lines

A

you cannot completely remove all biofilm, but you can reduce it

20
Q

ways to reduce bacteria in DUWLs

A
  1. self-contained water reservoirs
  2. chemical treatment regiment
  3. microfiltration
21
Q

when setting up for surgical procedures, what kind of water would you use and why cant you use a self-contained water-reservoir for sterile water

A

when setting up for surgery, you should use sterile water, as it reduces infections or complications when coming in contact with open wounds and bone

sterile water will no longer be sterile when it passes through the self-contained water reservoir which cannot be kept sterile itself

22
Q

what does CFU stand for

A

colony forming units

23
Q

explain classification of waste

A

regulations that apply to handling of medical and hazardous waste in a dental office

24
Q

types of waste

A

general waste - where non-hazardous, non-regulate waste is discarded in

hazardous waste - where properties that could pose as a danger to human health and environmental health should be in

contaminated waste - waste that has blood, or other bodily fluids, usually discarded with general waste

regulated waste - can be hazardous or contaminated waste that can transmit infectious diseases

medical waste - solid waste generated in diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings

25
Q

what is sharps container for and why is it important

A

sharps container is a closable, leak proof, puncture resistant containers where sharp infectious waste goes in

26
Q

list ways to prevent needle stick injury

A
  • use proper PPE
  • not transferring a contaminated needle
  • one-handed scoop
  • capping device
27
Q

what is a parenteral transmission

A

transmission through the skin

28
Q

what are standard precautions? what different types of exposures does it apply to

A

standard of care is designed to protect healthcare providers from pathogens that can be spread by blood and bodily fluids

29
Q

explain acute, latent, chronic and opportunistic

A

acute - sever and shorter infections that appear soon after the initial infection occurs

chronic - microorganisms are present for a long duration of time and can be asymptomatic

latent - a persistent infection where symptoms come and go

opportunistic - caused by nonpathogenic organisms that occurs in individuals whose resistance is compromised

30
Q

explain why eyewash stations are required at every office

A

ensure that if accidents occur, chemicals may be washed out

31
Q

explain acute and chronic chemical exposures

A

acute chemical exposures - high levels of exposure over a short period of time

chronic chemical exposures - low level repeated exposures over a long period of time

32
Q

what are the primary sources of chemical exposure

A
  • inhalation
  • skin contact
  • ingestion
33
Q

names the following agencies and explain their importance: PHAC, CDC, EPA, OSHA

A

PHAC - public health agency of canada
- gov agency that focuses on preventing disease and injuries

CDC - centres for disease control and prevention
- agency that conducts health promotion, prevention and improve public health

EPA - environmental protection agency
- regulatory agency responsible for protecting the environment and public health through enviromental laws

OSHA - occupational saftey and health administration
- federal regulatory agency with the mission to ensure safety and health of workers by setting and enforcing standards

34
Q

explain hep b exposure and post-exposure protocols

A

HBV is spread when blood, saliva and other bodily fluids from and infected person are spread to another
ex

document the circumstances , identify and document the source individual, request the source have their blood tested, advise employee to have their blood tested, provide medical treatment, provide counseling, evaluate reported illnesses after

35
Q

if an employee refuses to get the hep b vaccine, what is required of them

A

the employee must sign an informed refusal form that is kept on file at the dental office

Ehse (6 decks)

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