Egypt - Key terms Flashcards
Alexandria
11th July 1882 British warships began a bombardment of Alexandria following a British ultimatum to Arabi Pasha
(The French warships did not participate following a vote in French parliament)
The Egyptian army, which was poorly equipped and poorly trained, was unable to offer much resistance and was quickly defeated.
Battle of Omdurman
1898 Fought during Mahdist war in Sudan
Anglo Egyptians had significant technological advantage, advance up the Nile
British calvery and barrage attack
Enabled the British to re establish control over Sudan
Constantinople Convention
Signed in 1888 between major European powers
Aimed to regulate the Ottoman Empire’s finances
To ensure debt was paid off
Was seen as a further erosion of the regions sovereignty
Dual control
France and Britain had equal control over Egypt’s finances, including the ability to raise tax and veto government expenditure
Was met with great resistance from Egyptian nationalists
Lasted until 1882 when Britain launched a military intervention establishing direct control
Fashoda
A town in South Sudan, a site of crisis between France and Britain when they were competing for control
Region of the Nile Delta that both powers, claimed was theirs.
An agreement was reached, France withdrawing with the British accepting French control in other areas in Africa
Fellahin
Agricultural laborers of Egypt, typically peasants or small farmers who worked the land and lived in villages.
Gambetta note
1882 Mainly issued by the French, stating the maintenance of the Khedive’s powers was the best guarantee for order and development in Egypt
It warned nationalists that the powers would intervene militarily if they deemed anything a threat to the Khedives powers
Khartoum
Where the battle of Omdurman took place, which marked the end of the Madhist rebellion
Before, in 1885, the city was besieged by Madhist forces, a rebellion was launched against the Ottoman-Egyptian administration of Egypt
Khedive
Title given to rulers during the period of the Ottoman Empire
Had large degrees of autonomy and were able to modernise Egypt’s infrastructure, economy and military
