Egypt Final Flashcards
1
Q
Club of great powers
A
New kingdom, new dominant state unlike Middle Kingdom, exchanged messages gifts and brides
2
Q
Deir el Medina
A
New kingdom, reflective of environment
3
Q
new kingdom charactersitics
A
- club of great powers
- imperialist, required beuraucracy
- nubia conquered by thutmose III
- souuth used for gold
- wars with syria and palestine gave access to asian culture
- two capitals: thebes(religious) memphis(secular)
- strong bureaucracy because king was gone
- wealth from conquests allowed for infrastructure
4
Q
ahmose son of ibana
A
- new kingdom
- had his career inscribed in a tomb, says he sacked avaris but may habe been lying
- recounts campaigns under ahmose
5
Q
king ahmose
A
- new kingdom, defeated hyksos
- established base in avaris, bery imperialist
6
Q
thutmose I
A
- new kingdom
- destroyed kingdom of kush, kerma
- known for imperialism
7
Q
mittani state
A
- new kingdom
- clashed with imperializsm, small states that claimed allegiane to mittani
8
Q
battle of megiddo
A
- new kingdom
- thutmose III
- important battle against syria and palestine because began series of campaigns, other states became impressed with thutmose III military activity
9
Q
punt
A
- city in new kingdom along mediterranean
- hatshepsut was proud of expedition there because it opene dtrade contacts
10
Q
hatshepsut
A
- new kingdom
- wife of thutmost I, step mom of thutmose iii
- became pharaoh when thutmose I died
- gods wife of amun
- depicted as man
- said she restored egypt from hysksos rule
- thutmose III erased her names
11
Q
amarna revolution and late 18th dynasty characteristics
A
- peaceful with mediterranea
- lots of building projedcts
- amenhotep III aka akhenaten promoten aten exclusively
- amarna archive
- competition with hittties
12
Q
amenhotep III
A
- master of all other countries
- wife was tiye
- not concerned with expansion, peaceful
- most building activity except for ramses II
- festivals to support royal deification
- radiant solar disk
- large bureaucyracy
13
Q
amarna archive
A
- during lat 18th century, written to ourt
- involve akhenaten, babylonian language
- two goups: larger is vassal, imperial control, smaller is club of great powers
- gifts, brothers, neightbors, created ties
- local rulers tried to coax egypt to spport them in conflicts
14
Q
rib adda
A
- amarna letter correspondence
- accused neighboring kings of amurru of threatening byblos, hittites problems
- later betrayed egypt and allied with hittites
15
Q
king suppiluliuma
A
- king of hittites, defeated mittani
- controlled northwest syria, brought into conflict with hittites
- tried to have marriage alliance but prince was assasinated
16
Q
tiye
A
- husband of akhenaten
- same size and stature(represented), may have been equal
17
Q
coregency
A
-son rules with father
18
Q
amenhotep IV aka akhenaten
A
- only one god aten, discouraged multiple gods relied on army
- married to nefertiti, she had full status
- developed talatat
- abandoned thebes, established capitalbetween thebes and memphis called akhetaten
- building activity affected art, amarna artdistorted body
19
Q
talatat
A
stone building technique, smaller blocks
20
Q
akhetaten
A
-between thebes and memhpis,distanced form elitesand also from religious capital
21
Q
tutankhamun
A
- moved capital back from akhetaten to memphis
- death led to power struggle between ay, oldman, and general horemheb
22
Q
horemheb
A
succeeeded tutankahmun, removed akenaten
23
Q
the ramessid empire characteristics
A
1295-1203
-fights with hittites
-lots of building
peace with hittites
24
Q
ramses II
A
- portrayed himself as a sole great warrior, particularly battle of qadesh
- more monuments than any other king
- constructed piramesse as the capial
- lax with syro palestine and nubia, set up fortresses along dessert
- foreigners for labor, menial positions, occasinally butlers
- lots of temples for wife nefertari
25
battle of qadesh
- gave ramses II famous
- result of escalations between hittites after prince was assasinated
- hittites attacked egyptians, pushing them back to ramsey where he defeated all of them
- represents a breakdown in expected diplomatic and military behavior
26
sety I
-father of ramses II
large building program
-built temple of osiris
-reinstated amun
27
piramesse
-built by ramses II, demonstrated close contacts with western asia
28
deir el medina
- literate artistic, well off
- relied on outsidders for what they needed
- literate
- internal struggles resembled court intrigues, lack of foodwas states economic downturn, rise in crime was collapse of royal authorityA
29
the end of empire 1213-1070 characteristics
- corruption, amennakhte and paneb in deir el medina
- WEAKENING OF COURT ex conspiracy theory with tiy to have her son take throne f ramses III, tomb robberies, workers strikes bc problems with payments
- king couldnt provide
- loss of foriegn territories, corruption, ribery,, shift from secular to religious authorities
- when sety died, saptah was king and depended on butler bay, said he placed saptah on throne which meant he was god, killed by saptah
- queen tausret took place after saptah died, replaced by sethnakht
- competition in power between descendatns of ramses sety and amenmessu
- attacks from libyans and sea peoples
- no more international contact
- ended with ramses XI and herihor
30
sethnakht
-random guy during end of ramessid period who claimed the throne amidst turmoil
31
ramses III
- son of sethnakht who didnt have any royal blood, trying to compensate
- led to more religious power and decline of secular state
32
ramses XI
-end of the new kingdom
33
panehsy
-nubian king who entered eygpt near end of old dkingdom
34
herihor
- general of ramses XI who chased panehsy out of egypt, declaired himself vizier and high priest, soon ignored ramses XI
- ruled from thebes
35
third intermediate period characteristics
- kings at tanis and high priests at thebes recognized existence, acted jointly
- shared by close family members
- nonviolent takeover by immigrant libyans
- after sheshonq died, split into a lot of different rulers
36
thebes and tanis
-secular in tanis, religious in thebes
-thebes handled ll religious matters
-
37
tale of wenamu
during middle kingdom, servant of herihor went to get wood but king wouldndt even see him or responect that amun would have been greatful
38
ma sheshanq
- libyan who took over egypt i nthird intermedite period
- orqacle approved
- approved of parallel ruling
- appointed men to thebes
- maybe conducted military actions abroad
39
the gods wife of amun
-appopinted wives, came with ag land
40
nubians third intermediate period
traded with assyria
- big tombs
- at napata
41
piy
- nubian king during the third intermediate period
- fought tefnakht after he took over northern egypt
- returned to napata
42
egypt in the age of empires characteristics
- -babylonia conquered assyria and egypt, conquered by persians
- military itegrated, ex potasimto egyptian leader of foreigners but was son of greek
- nubians fluorished, even though psamtek II raided them
- persians took over
43
shabaqo
new ruler of kush following piy, asserted nubian control on egypt , maybe to defend fromm assyrians
44
assyians vs egypt
- taharqo was egyptiann king, assyrians capture memphis but taharqo toook it back
- assyrians put locals in charge and made them pay tribute
45
psamtek
- father betrayed assyria but reinstated ruler of memphis
- strongest ruler in egypt bc nubia was gone
- ruler of upper and lower egyt
46
naukratis
greek city set up near sais
47
archaism
- interest in the past, aka king shabaqos stone that praises cit of memphis, recoutns creation story
- past fascinated artists
48
persians
- acknowledged existing diversity, instead inserted himself into existing ideologies
- egypt distant from core of the emipre
- kept original egyptan govt but integrated persians into it
- egyptians still stayed in govrt service, ex udjahorresnet who spent time in persia
- dug the canal fro delta to red sea
49
qanat
- technology implemented by persians, consisted of undderground tunnels that channeled groundwater from aquifers over long distances, enabled irrigation of large areas of land
- empire fluorished
- collected all laws of egypt
- egyptian opposition
- small successful rebellion, inspired from nationaoims
- chose egyptian names, bililngual steles
- depicted as eguptians
50
greek and roman egypt characteristics
- incorporated into egypt
- army included mix
- upper classes had to work together
- building programs
- needed support of church, in return church didnt need to pay as much taxes
- egyptians learned greek
- invention of coptic, recent literature took int old egyptian characters
- merged gods
- agriculture in fayyum, new irrigation technologies
- egypt still center of trade
- nubia held on to egyptian traditions
51
alexandria
- creation of alexander the great
- departure of egyptian pracitces, first a mediterranean city
- appearance was greek
- only greeks were free citizens
- center for intellecutala life
- commericial center
- egypt influenced burials
52
philae
- more egyptian
- religious colmplex
- kings left inscriptisons in greek on monuments
- nubians considered it place of pilgrimage
- theodosius decree that closed down egyptian temples didnt effect philae
53
ptolemy I soter
- invented ruler cult
| - infighting in court led to downfall and egypt secession from ptolemaic state
54
queen cleopatra VII
- exiled from expelled egypt but got jelp from julius caesar
- when caesar died, dazzled mark antony
- stopped by octaius
55
roman egypt
governed by prefet
56
isis
-greek god influenced by egyptians, queen of all gods
57
meroe
- city of nubia located here during greek and roman times
- egyptian influencec
- fluroished from 300bc to 100 ad, depended on trade
- ptolemies wanted african goods
58
downfall
- theodosius banned hieroglyphs and ctemples
- roman emeror as king didnt reside in country
- christianity took over
