Ancient Egypt

Question 1

0 dynasty - first dynasty
places
significant facts

Answer 1

3400 - 2686

• naqada, hierankopolis capital, abydos, memphis capital
• sed festival
• bureaucracy
• invention of writing
• elites buried with stuff

Question 2

saqqara

Answer 2

• cemetery overlooking memphis, represents 0-1 dynasty
• elites buried with stuff
• first stone mortuary coplex by djoser 3rd dynasty

Question 3

hierakonpolis

Answer 3

-where narmers palette was fount

Question 4

abydos

Answer 4

• tomb u-j
• allocation of more resources to egyption elites
• during middle kingdom, tomb dedicated to osiris

Question 5

palette of narmer

Answer 5

• one of the first royal inscriptions, found at hierakonpolis
• shows narmer in white crown beating someone up, potentially unification of egypt
• horus shown

Question 6

significance of writing

Answer 6

• Seen at abydos in tombs etc
• Hieroglyphs - meaning and sound
• Initially administrative in character, tracked movement f goods
• Importance of display ad commeoratinos
• Ex serekhs, honored gods nand kings

Question 7

nubian relations 1-3rd dynasty

Answer 7

• north of second cataract, elites obtained gold and ivory through nubian exchange
• later change of attitude, viewed as hostiles

Question 8

3rd through 5th dynasties characteristics

Answer 8

2686-2345
the great pyramid builders*
-know djoser and sneferu
-pyramids required bureaucracy
-memphis was burial site

Question 9

king djoser

Answer 9

• 3rd dynasty 3686-2613
• first mortuary complex at saqqara
• imhotep

Question 10

sneferu

Answer 10

• 4th dynasty 2613-2684
• 3 pyramids at meidum (kinda pyramid) and dashur (bent pyramid)
• military campaign into nubia for 4th-5th dynasty

Question 11

5th dynasty characteristics

Answer 11

2494-2487

• userkaf: solar temple at abusir
• king unas: earliest perserved pyramid texts

Question 12

pyramid texts

Answer 12

• with king unas during the 5h dynasty
• spells of mortuary book
• guided king to his place alongside the sun
• given to officals during the intermediate period as well

Question 13

pyramids: significance

Answer 13

• thousands of workers, whole country contributed
• bureaucracy for collection and redistribution of resources
• nomes provided food

Question 14

into intermediate period sig facts

Answer 14

king pepy II fault

• capital from memphis to herakleopolis
• offices passed down to sons, regionalization of power
• ended with thebes and mentuhotep

Question 15

10th dynasty significance

Answer 15

king pepy ii

Question 16

king pepy ii

Answer 16

• longest rule inn egyptian history

- regionalizatin of power, weak successors, weak personality

Question 17

coffin texts

Answer 17

-significant during intermediate pyramid, showed officials had more power, democratization of the hereafter

Question 18

why was there regionalization of power

Answer 18

• weakness of king pepy,he needed advisors which got more wealth
• weak personality, rulers became omre independent
• clcimate change, egypt too dry, couldnt feed people, local rulers micromanaged irrigation

Question 19

ankhtify

Answer 19

intermediate period, arrogant official

Question 20

nubia during intermediate pyramid

Answer 20

• weakening of egypt tallowed for nubia to regain control
• c gorup, nomadic nubian chiefs settled
• hostile

Question 21

kerma/harkhuf

Answer 21

-beginning 6th dynasty in nubia, south of second cataract, also called yam
-provied exotic sub saharan african goods
harkhuf
-three journeys under reign of pepy II, peaceful

Question 22

mercenaries during 6th dynasty

Answer 22

• nubian and libyan soldiers
• representations as egyptians but with darker skinn
• fully accepted into egyptian mortuary customs but wanted separate identity

Question 23

thebes

Answer 23

started in the south with intef

-started to rival dynasty at herakleopolis

Question 24

intef

Answer 24

priest who pacified south, lead to thebes, started rival dynasty against herakleopolis

Question 25

mentuhotep II

Answer 25

king in charge of final thrust of herakleopolis

Question 26

herakleopolis

Answer 26

capital during the first intermediate period

Question 27

middle kingdom significance

Answer 27

-nomarchs disappeared replaced with south and head of the south -provincial tombs disappeared, local rulers joined bureaucracy -amenemhat family ruled for 200 years -campaigns into nubia -depiction of kings as warriors -development of literature rise of cult of osiris and ra -capital moved to itj tawi

Question 28

king amenemhat I

Answer 28

first king to reestablish order in middle kingdom - family ruled for 200 years, ruled with co regency - first pyramid sinice pepy II

Question 29

significance of itj tawi

Answer 29

- moved capital away from royal theban families | - moved capital closer to population

Question 30

co-regency

Answer 30

-son became successor, junior king

Question 31

senusret III

Answer 31

- campaigns in levant and nubia, seen as warrior - annexed region - got rid of office of nomarchs

Question 32

queen sobekneferu

Answer 32

-last ruler of 12th dynasty because no male heir

Question 33

lahun

Answer 33

-Example of courts reach into provinces to try and do internal colonization -Because split of power still between the local lords and centralized state -Built for the purpose of housing personnel for maintenance of mortuary cults or military colonies Built with strict standardized layounts, example of strict state supervision

Question 34

tale of sinuje

Answer 34

- example of middle egyptian literature - transfer of power from amenemhat I to senusret I, sinuhe panicked so he went to the sinai. Nomads saved him, he becacme famous, but Senusret invited him back and he was famous again - showed that egyptians did not understand nomads

Question 35

significance of literature

Answer 35

- large amounts appeared during middle kingdom, - set in historical context, used to educate scribes but also reflected morals of egyptians - ex tale of sinuhe, the eloquent peasant

Question 36

medjay

Answer 36

nomads from sinai/eastern desert

Question 37

second intermdiate period significance

Answer 37

- capital moved to thebes, lost control of avaris - hyksos in north, kush in south - avaris - kush, classical kerma phase

Question 38

avaris

Answer 38

- founded originally by amenemhat I, similar to Lahun - dead buried in or near houes - animal burials revealed status, profession - hyksos dynasty set up court there

Question 39

nubia/kush /kerma second intermediate period

Answer 39

- egypt could no longer occupy - kush, just south of third cataract - kerma, buried dead in tumulus - hybrid culture

Question 40

classical kerma phase

Answer 40

- increase in tumulus size and number of offerings - kerma fluorished, peopole started living outside walls - center was religious district

Question 41

seqenra ta

Answer 41

- king during second intermediate period | - died violently from blows to the head, maybe battle with hyksos

Question 42

apepi

Answer 42

-penultimate hyksos king

Question 43

king kamose

Answer 43

- last king of the 17th dynasty - excerpt complaining about divisions - advisers said relations were fine, but he attacked anyways

Question 44

ahmose

Answer 44

-credited with defeat of hyksos