Egg chemoattractants moderate intra specific competition- Lymberry, Kennigton

Question 1

what are egg and sperm interactions assumed to generate?

Answer 1

infraspecific variation in reproductive fitness

Question 2

what is sperm chemotaxis and what is it a form of?

Answer 2

attraction sperm by egg derived chemicals

form of gamete signalling

Question 3

what was used to track the success of sperms competing to fertilise the egg?
what evidence was provided?

Answer 3

fluorescently labelled mitochondrial dye in muscles

evidence thar competitive fertilisation success is moderated by differential sperm chemotaxis

Question 4

what does the data support about egg chemoattractants selectivity ?

Answer 4

selectively attract ejaculates from genetically compatible males- inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers

Question 5

what does multiple mating lead to competition among?

Answer 5

among ejaculations for fertilisation

Question 6

what does different sperm chemotaxis allow females to do?

Answer 6

to bias outcomes of intraspecific sperm competitions

base the bias on complex patterns of genetic compatibility

Question 7

where did sexual selection began, what used to be the mechanism and what has this ancestral sexual selection given rise to?

Answer 7

in the sea
broadcast spawning
given rise to sexual dimorphism and internal fertilisation

Question 8

what can studying gamete level interactions be applied to?

Answer 8

a wide range of taxonomic groups

Question 9

what can eggs of broadcast spawners moderate?

Answer 9

recognition and fusion of sperm at gamete surface or select specific sperm nuclei

Question 10

in the mussel what was revealed about chemoattractants?

Answer 10

that they have differential effects on swimming behaviour and physiology of sperm

Question 11

what has important fitness implications?

Answer 11

intrasepcific effects of chemoattractants on fertilisation

Question 12

what was being tested in M.galloprovincialis?

Answer 12

whether differential sperm chemotaxis/chemoattractants moderate gamete level mate choice and if fertilisation biases reflect patterns of genetic compatibility

Question 13

what was used to label sperm mitochondria?

Answer 13

fluorescent dye

Question 14

in mussels what mitochondria is inherited?

Answer 14

both male and female

Question 15

what does differential attraction of sperm up an egg chemoattractant gradient moderate?

Answer 15

moderates intraspecific competitive fertilisation success

Question 16

what do fertilisation biases reflect?

Answer 16

preferences for unrelated males at nuclear loci and selection of the same mitochondrial DNA lineage

Question 17

what is M.Galloprovincialis?

Answer 17

sessile bivalve mollusc in intertidal regions in australia

Question 18

in the methods which sperm competed?

Answer 18

sperm from each focal male and sperm from standard rival male with chemoattractant gradient from the female

Question 19

in each cross what was used to assess competitive fertilisation success of focal male?

Answer 19

eggs from standard female

Question 20

what did removal of male effect and male female interactions result in?

Answer 20

a worse fit than removal of male by female interaction alone

Question 21

what did male by female interaction indicators show?

Answer 21

significant variation in the way chemoattractants of female affected competitive success (the success depended on the chemoattractants)

Question 22

did nuclear genetic relatedness differ between focal male and female pairs?

Answer 22

no

Question 23

when was competitive fertilisation success higher?

Answer 23

when focal male and female nuclear genotypes were less related and with the same mitochondrial lineage

Question 24

what can differential attraction of sperm up a chemical gradient act as?

Answer 24

a mechanism of gamete level mate choice

Question 25

what doe egg chemoattractants influence?

Answer 25

intraspecific sperm competition

Question 26

what does chemotaxis ensure for broadcast spawners?

Answer 26

that egg is found and fertilised by conspecific sperm