Effects Of Lung Disease Flashcards
How does pulmonary tuberculosis/TB affect breathing?
immune system builds up a wall around the bacteria in the lungs forming hard lumps known as tubercles
- Infected tissue within the tubercles dies and the gaseous exchange surface is damaged so tidal volume decreases
- Also causes fibrosis
- less her inhaled in each breath so increased ventilation rate
Common symptoms of tb
Cough, coughing up blood and mucus, chest pains, shortness of breath, fatigu
How does fibrosis effect breathing
Formation of scar tissue on the lungs
Scar tissue is thicker and less elastic meaning lungs are less able to expand and can’t hold as much air- tidal volume reduced
- reduction in rate of gas exchange as diffusion is slower
Faster ventilation rate to get enough air into the lungs
Common symptoms of fibrosis
Shortnesss of breath, dry cough, chest pain, weakness
How does asthma affect breathing?
Airways become inflamed and irritated
- During an asthma attack, the smooth muscle lining in the bronchioles contracts and a large amount of mucus is produced
- Causes construction of the airways and airflow into the lungs is reduced
- Forced expiratory volume is reduced
What can asthma be caused by?
Causes very, but could be due to allergic reactions to substances such as dust and pollen
Symptoms of asthma
Wheezing tight chest, shortness of breath
What do inhalers do?
Cause the muscle in the bronchioles to relax opening the airways
What is emphysema caused by?
Smoking or long-term exposure to air pollution- foreign particles get trapped in the alveoli
How does emphysema affect breathing?
Causes inflammation which attracts Faites to the area producing an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the walls of alveoli
- Alveo, I can’t recoil and expel air so it remains trapped in Alveoli
- Leads to destruction of alveoli walls which reduces surface area of alveoli rate of gases exchange reduces
Symptoms of emphysema
Shortness of breath wheezing. increased ventilation rate
