Effects of Hormones

Question 0

General Organizational effects

Stress

Answer 0

Early brain development with high levels of CORT that triggers cell death of neurons:
maternal CORD –> placental CRH –> cytokines in fetus

Question 1

General Organizational effects

Definition

Answer 1

Structural, sensitive period (early development), irreversible

Question 2

General Organizational effects

Sex Hormones

Answer 2

Involved in masculinization/defeminization:

testosteron –> estradiol –> dihydrotestosterone (DHT)

Question 3

General Organizational effects

Thyroid - Somatotrophin (Growth Hormone)

Answer 3

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) –> somatotrophin (GH) –> somatic tissues
Promotes growth by stimulating proteins synthesis of virtually all tissues

Question 4

General Organizational effects

Thyroid - Gonadotrophins

Answer 4

Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) or Leutinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) –> Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) –> gonads (ovaries or testes) –> estrogen and progesterone or androgens –> tissues

Question 5

General Activation effects

Definition

Answer 5

Act on existing structure, no sensitive period, and reversible

Question 6

General Activational effects

Stress

Answer 6

Corticotrophin (ACTH) regulates stress hormones and nutrient utilization (gluticocorticoids) and water/mineral balance (mineralocorticoids)
Ex: psychosocial dwarfism–emotional stress inhibits release of GH stunting somatic growth

Question 7

General Activational effects

Sex Hormones

Answer 7

LH and FSH stimulate ovulation in females and spermatogenesis in males (LH/FSH –> follicles secrete estradiol –> GnRH release –> ovulation)

Question 8

General Activational effects

Thyroid Hormones

Answer 8

Prolactin (Prolactin releasing factor, prolactin, mammaries, stimulates milk production)
Oxytocin –> stimulation of cervix, nipples