effectiveness of international organisations in tackling the issue Flashcards
What is the African Union?
Made up of 55 member states that make up the countries of the African continent. Launched in 2002. Aims to promote democratic principles and good governance.
How much does corruption cost?
Corruption costs African nations an estimated $60bn per year.
AU observer missions are routinely sent in accordance with its charter. There have been a number of successful elections showing that the african union has improved political performance.
For example, in 2023 Nigeria held its presidential election to and millions of Nigerians went to the polls because they had the opportunity to elect a new leader.
There has been a fall in the number of successful coups since the AU was established in 2002.
Between 1990-1999, there were 16 successful and 23 failed coups compared with 8 successful and 9 failed coups in 2010-2019. However, there are still coups. In 2017, in Zimbabwe, a military coup brought Robert Mugabwe’s 37 year rule to an end.
Governance overall has struggled across the continent since 2019.
In Nigeria, 87 million people have been eligible to vote but some polling stations were attacked by criminal gangs, who carted away voting machines. There were also reports of violence and ballot boxes being snatched in Lagos.
Who are WHO?
Founded in 1948 by the UN. Multi-lateral organisation consisting of 193 member states.
An example of WHO success.
WHO has been very successful in its vaccination programme (87% of children are fully vaccinated against diphtheria and tetanus).
The time to control an outbreak of disease has dropped from an average of 131 in 2017 to 45 days in 2019.
It has improved healthy life expectancy 56 now compared with 46 in 2000.
How has WHO helped combat malaria deaths?
WHO has provided drugs to treat people in poor areas, it has provided 505 millions of insecticide-treated mosquito nets to sub-Saharan Africa and half of the population at risk of malaria now sleep under these nets compared with 29% in 2010.
WHO’s response to malaria is considered inadequate.
Each nets only costs a few pounds to produce yet 1 African child dies every 60 seconds because of malaria.
Who are Oxfam?
An NGO, working across 70 countries to fight inequality, poverty and injustice.
How does Oxfam work to provide adequate water supply?
through use of boreholes, pit latrines as basic affordable sanitation. Oxfam has been successful in this as in 2016, they helped 600k people in Sudan by providing food and water.
How has Oxfam’s food crisis assistance helped?
In Malawi, Oxfam’s food crisis assistance reached over 400k people including cash to buy food, tools to improve crops and seeds which which were more resistant to drought.
Limitations of Oxfam’s aid.
Over 28m people across Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Kenya are facing extreme hunger due to factors such as climate, conflict and cost of living.
In Africa, 418m people still lack even a basic level of clean drinking water and 779m people lack basic sanitation services.
