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Cardiopulmonary > Effective Ventilation Module 4 > Flashcards

Effective Ventilation Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary goal of effective ventilation in cardiopulmonary care?

A

To ensure adequate oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide

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2
Q

True or False: Effective ventilation is crucial for maintaining proper gas exchange in the body.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: Ventilation refers to the process of moving _____ in and out of the lungs.

A

air

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4
Q

What role does the diaphragm play in the process of ventilation?

A

It contracts and relaxes to help with breathing

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5
Q

What is the term for the volume of air inspired or expired in one breath?

A

Tidal volume

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6
Q

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults at rest?

A

12-20 breaths per minute

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7
Q

What is the term for the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?

A

Vital capacity

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8
Q

True or False: Hypoventilation can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the body.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood?

A

Pulmonary gas exchange

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: The respiratory center in the brainstem regulates _____ to maintain proper ventilation.

A

breathing

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11
Q

What is the term for the condition where air gets trapped in the lungs, making it difficult to exhale?

A

Air trapping

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12
Q

True or False: Ventilation perfusion mismatch can lead to impaired gas exchange.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the term for the mechanical process of breathing?

A

Ventilation

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14
Q

What is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration during quiet breathing?

A

Diaphragm

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is responsible for receiving input from chemoreceptors to regulate breathing.

A

respiratory center

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16
Q

What is the term for the process of removing carbon dioxide from the body?

A

Ventilation

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17
Q

True or False: Oxygenation refers to the process of removing oxygen from the body.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the term for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and body tissues?

A

Systemic gas exchange

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19
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a common site for measuring oxygen saturation in the body.

A

finger

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20
Q

What is the term for the condition where there is inadequate oxygen supply to tissues and organs?

A

Hypoxia

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21
Q

True or False: Adequate ventilation is essential for maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

A

True

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22
Q

What is the term for the process of exchanging gases in the alveoli of the lungs?

A

Alveolar gas exchange

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ is a device used to assist with ventilation in patients who are unable to breathe on their own.

A

ventilator

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24
Q

What is the term for the ratio of ventilation to perfusion in the lungs?

A

V/Q ratio

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25
Q

What is the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

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26
Q

True or False: Hemodynamics refers to the study of blood flow in the circulatory system.

A

True

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27
Q

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

A

Cardiac Output = Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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28
Q

What is the normal range for cardiac output in adults at rest?

A

4-8 liters per minute

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29
Q

What is the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

A

The more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction.

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30
Q

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

A

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment.

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31
Q

True or False: The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is higher than in venous blood.

A

True

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32
Q

What is the normal range for arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) in healthy individuals?

A

95-100%

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33
Q

What is the Bohr effect?

A

The phenomenon where increasing levels of carbon dioxide decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

34
Q

What is the main determinant of oxygen delivery to tissues?

A

Arterial oxygen content

35
Q

True or False: Oxygen delivery is the product of cardiac output and arterial oxygen content.

A

True

36
Q

What is the normal range for mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adults?

A

70-100 mmHg

37
Q

What is the primary factor affecting mean arterial pressure?

A

Systemic vascular resistance

38
Q

What is the formula for calculating mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

A

MAP = Diastolic Blood Pressure + 1/3 (Systolic Blood Pressure - Diastolic Blood Pressure)

39
Q

What is the primary function of the pulmonary system in gas exchange?

A

To facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli.

40
Q

True or False: The majority of oxygen in the blood is carried by hemoglobin.

A

True

41
Q

What is the normal range for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) in adults?

A

6-12 mmHg

42
Q

What is the main determinant of pulmonary vascular resistance?

A

Alveolar hypoxia

43
Q

What is the formula for calculating pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)?

A

PVR = (Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure - PCWP) / Cardiac Output

44
Q

What is the primary factor affecting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure?

A

Left atrial pressure

45
Q

True or False: A decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance leads to increased blood flow in the lungs.

A

True

46
Q

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the cardiopulmonary system?

A

To remove excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

47
Q

What is the normal range for central venous pressure (CVP) in adults?

A

2-6 mmHg

48
Q

What is the main determinant of central venous pressure?

A

Right atrial pressure

49
Q

What is the formula for calculating systemic vascular resistance (SVR)?

A

SVR = (Mean Arterial Pressure - Central Venous Pressure) / Cardiac Output

50
Q

What does ABG stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Arterial Blood Gas

51
Q

What does FiO2 stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Fraction of Inspired Oxygen

52
Q

What does PEEP stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Positive End-Expiratory Pressure

53
Q

What does Vt stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Tidal Volume

54
Q

What does RR stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Respiratory Rate

55
Q

True or False: PEEP helps keep the alveoli open and prevent collapse.

A

True

56
Q

What is the normal range for PaO2 in arterial blood gas?

A

80-100 mmHg

57
Q

What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood gas?

A

35-45 mmHg

58
Q

Fill in the blank: The primary goal of ventilation is to maintain adequate _______ exchange.

A

gas

59
Q

What does V/Q ratio refer to in ventilation?

A

Ventilation/Perfusion ratio

60
Q

What is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

61
Q

What is the normal range for pH in arterial blood gas?

A

7.35-7.45

62
Q

What does HCO3- stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Bicarbonate

63
Q

What is the normal range for SaO2 in arterial blood gas?

A

95-100%

64
Q

What does CPAP stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure

65
Q

What does PCO2 stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide

66
Q

What is the primary muscle responsible for expiration?

A

Internal Intercostals

67
Q

What does VD/VT ratio refer to in ventilation?

A

Dead Space to Tidal Volume ratio

68
Q

Fill in the blank: The purpose of ventilation is to maintain normal _______ levels in the body.

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide

69
Q

What does A-a gradient measure in ventilation?

A

Alveolar-arterial gradient

70
Q

True or False: Hypoventilation leads to increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood.

A

True

71
Q

What is the normal range for BE in arterial blood gas?

A

-2 to +2 mEq/L

72
Q

What does VD stand for in the context of ventilation?

A

Dead Space Volume

73
Q

What is perfusion: alveolar ventilation?

A

Respiratory quotient

74
Q

Explain the relationship between effective ventilation and paco2

A

Without effective ventilation, paco2 increases

75
Q

Explain the relationship between paco2 and PH

A

Increase in paco2, then hypercapic = acidosis

76
Q

State the amount of CO2/min that an adult produces during a normal tidal volume ( vt) breath

A

200

77
Q

State the amount of O2/min that an adult consumed during a normal tidal volume breath

A

250

78
Q

What is the ratio of CO2 produced to O2 consumed is referred to as the “respiratory quotient (rq)

A

CO2 produced: O2 consumed = 200/ 250 = 0.8

79
Q

True or False? Alveolar ventilation must match CO2 production to maintain acid-base balance.

A

True

80
Q

True or False? Alveolar ventilation must match CO2 production to maintain acid-base balance.

A

True

81
Q

Ve or VA inc. What happens to CO2?

A

Decreases

Cardiopulmonary (4 decks)

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