Blood

Question 1

What makes up blood?

Answer 1

Red blood cells (45%)
White blood cells (<1%)
Plasma (55%)

Question 2

What is plasma made of?

Answer 2

90% H2O
8% protein (Albumin, antibody, fibrinogen, clotting factors)
2% hormones, electrolytes, nutrients

Question 3

What is in plasma SERUM?

Answer 3

Everything besides Fibrinogen and Clotting factors

Question 4

What is the V/Q ratio?

Answer 4

Va/CO

Question 5

What is Hemoglobin?

Answer 5

Protein in the blood
- transport O2 from lungs to tissues and back
- each unit contains 2 alpha and 2 beta
- each heme group contains iron molecule to attach the oxygen

Question 6

What can each Hemoglobin molecule bind with?

Answer 6

4 molecules of oxygen… once one O2 molecule finds its way, it’s easier for the rest “cooperativity”

Question 7

What are the O2 transport physiology variables

Answer 7

• Content (CaO2, CvO2, CcO2)
• Delivery (DO2, O2T)
• Consumption (VO2)

Question 8

Explain the O2 “loading” pathway

Answer 8

Plasma -> RBCs bind to iron molecule in each heme group -> Iron partially oxidized by O2 (oxyhemoglobin) -> shape change turns bright red -> O2Hb travels systemic circuit to capillaries, release O2 off Hb into tissues -> deoxyHb “HHb” -> CO2 enters capillaries from tissues-> various forms for transport -> “reverses happens” -> alveoli to be exhaled

Question 9

When things bind to other parts, which effect the ability of protein to do what it normally does, this is called?
Said another way…
Hb is allosterically inhibited by CO2 and hydrogen ions

Answer 9

Allosteric inhibition

H+ hop onto heme molecules and “ kick” O2 off of Heme molecule allowing it to diffuse into the tissue

Question 10

What is CaO2 and its equation?

Answer 10

Arterial blood (NORMAL: 17-20)

1. Calculate amount O2 bound to Hgb
   Hgb x 1.34 x SaO2