Effective Nuclear Charge

Question 1

What is the nuclear charge in the periodic table?

Answer 1

The nuclear charge (Z) is defined as the total charge in the nucleus due to the presence of positive charge protons

Question 2

Is nuclear charge attractive or repulsive?

Answer 2

Attractive

Question 3

Why are electrons attracted towards nucleus?

Answer 3

Since the nuclear charge is positive, negatively charged electrons are attracted to the nucleus due to electrostatic forces

Question 4

Why does valence electron experience less attraction from nucleus?

Answer 4

In an atom with multiple electrons, there are electron-electron repulsion forces apart from electron-nucleus attraction force. Due to the combined effect of these two forces acting on valence electron, the valence electron experiences less attraction from the nucleus.

Question 5

What is shielding effect?

Answer 5

The decrease in nuclear attraction on valence electron due to presence of electrons in same shell or valence shell is Shielding Effect.

Question 6

What decreases effective nuclear charge?

Answer 6

The greater the number of electrons, the higher is Shielding Effect. Also greater the number of shells present between the nucleus and valence shell, the higher is Shielding Effect
This decreases the effective nuclear charge.

Question 7

Where are sheilding electrons located?

Answer 7

Shielding electrons are the electrons located in between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons.

Question 8

Effective Nuclear Charge =

Answer 8

Nuclear Charge - Shielding Constant