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Clin Med > EENT Therapeutics > Flashcards

EENT Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Supplements (zinc, Vit C, Vit E, carotene, lutein), intravitreal anti-VegF, photodynamic therapy

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2
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Manage HTN, laser therapy, intravitreal corticosteroid, intravitreal anti-VegF

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3
Q

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Manage diabetes, intravitreal anti-VegF, intravitreal corticosteroid, photocoagulation therapy, vitrectomy

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4
Q

Proliferation diabetic retinopathy

A

Panretinal laser coagulation therapy

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5
Q

Cataracts

A

Lifestyle modifications, surgery

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6
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma

A

Monitor IOP, Latanoprost, Timolol

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7
Q

Grave’s ophthalmopathy

A

Manage hyperthyroidism, IV corticosteroids, orbital radiation, Selenium, Rituximab, surgery

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8
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

IV Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone/ Cefotaxime/ Amp-sulbactam/ Pip-tazobactam/ Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloaxacin

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9
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

A

Sx relief: topical antihistamines or decongestants, warm compress

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10
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Restrict contact lens use; Ciproflozacin 0.3% (1-2 gets q3h x 7d) or TMP-Polymyxin B (1 get q3-6h x 7d)

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11
Q

Herpes keratitis- HSV

A

Acyclovir (400 mg BID x 12 m)

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12
Q

Herpes keratitis- VZV

A

Valacyclovir (1g TID x 10d) or Acyclovir (800 mg QD x 10 days)

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13
Q

Blepharitis

A

Lid hygiene, topical abx (Bacitracin or Erythromycin)

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14
Q

Blepharitis- demodex

A

Tea tree oil, Ivermectin

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15
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Warm compress & massage, irrigation, topical abx (Amos-clavulanate), I&D

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16
Q

Hordeolum

A

Lid hygiene

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17
Q

Chalazion

A

Lid hygiene, intralesional steroids, surgical excision

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18
Q

Entropion

A

Surgery, Botox

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19
Q

Ectropion

A

Surgery, artificial tears

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

Hearing aids

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21
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

Restrict salt & caffeine, IM/IV Benzodiazepines, K+ sparing diuretics (triamterene, HCTZ), oral steroids (prednisolone)

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22
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

RAF to ENT, surgical excision, gamma knife radiation

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23
Q

Acoustic trauma

A

RAF to ENT, +/- removal of foreign body, surgical repair

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24
Q

Tinnitus- persistent

A

RAF to audiology, distraction, hydration, zinc or Ginko biloba?

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25
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss

A

Limit exposure, hearing aids

26
Q

Drug-induced hearing loss

A

Cease drug

27
Q

Acute otitis media- children < 2 yo

A

Amoxicillin (80-100 mg/kg x 10 d) or Amox-clav (125 mg x 5-7 d)

28
Q

Acute otitis media- children > 2 yo

A

None if afebrile; Amoxicillin (80-100 mg/kg x 10 d) or Amox-clav (125 mg x 5-7 d); PCN allergy- cephalosporin or bactrim

29
Q

Chronic otitis media

A

Cipro 0.2% (10 gets BID x 2 w) or Amox (80-100 mg/kg PO), surgery

30
Q

Otitis media with effusion

A

Monitor for learning/language difficulty, myringotomy with tubes, Eustacian tuboplasty, adenoidectomy

31
Q

Otitis externa- mild

A

Topical acetic acid with HC (5 gets TID-QID until resolved)

32
Q

Otitis externa- moderate/severe

A

Neomycin/Polymyxin B/HC (3-4 gtts TID-QID x 7 d)

33
Q

Otitis externa- fungal

A

Vosol HC (5 gtts TID-QID), oral fluconazole (if TM perforation)

34
Q

Malignant otitis externa

A

IV Fluoroquinolones x 6 w

35
Q

Mastoiditis

A

RAF to ENT, IV Ceftriaxone, surgical debridement, mastoidectomy

36
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

A

Epley maneuver

37
Q

Labyrinthitis- viral

A

PO prednisone, PO/IV diazepam, PO meclizine, PR promethazine, IV hydration, vestibular rehab

38
Q

Labyrinthitis- bacterial

A

RAF to ENT, I&D, IV abx

39
Q

TM perforation

A

RAF to ENT, remove foreign body, surgical repair

40
Q

Acute sinusitis

A

Symptom relief, abx if fever/purulent drainage; children- Amox (80-100 mg/kg/d) or Amox-clav (125 mg), adults- Amox-clay (500-125 mg TID) or Amox-clav (875-125 mg BID)

41
Q

Chronic sinusitis

A

Symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists), Amox-clav x 3-10 w

42
Q

Chronic sinusitis- refractory cases

A

Symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists), Amox-clav x 3-10 w; may RAF to ENT

43
Q

Allergic rhinitis

A

Avoid allergen, symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists, mast cell stabilizers)

44
Q

Nasal polyps

A

Tx pathology, intranasal steroids, oral steroids, may surgically excise

45
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

Topical corticosteroids- Fluocinonide 0.05% gel, Clobetasol prop. 0.05% gel, Triamcinolone 0.1% pint.;
Pain management- visc. Lidocaine swish & spit, OTC benzocaine

46
Q

Herpes (gingivo)stomatitis

A

PO Acyclovir (5QD x 5 days), Visc. Lido 2% swish & spit, NSAIDs

47
Q

Oral herpes simplex

A

PO Acyclovir (5QD x 5 days), Visc. Lido 2% swish & spit, NSAIDs

48
Q

Leukoplakia/Erythroplakia

A

Monitor, biopsy, surgical excision, reduce risk factors

49
Q

Oral lichen planus

A

Oral hygiene, topical steroids

50
Q

Oral cancer

A

Surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy

51
Q

Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis- viral

A

Symptom relief

52
Q

Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis- Group A Strep

A

Penicillin VK (PO x 10 d), Penicillin G (IM x 1), Amoxicillin (PO x 10 d)

53
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Maintain airway, O2 supplement, IV Vancomycin + Ceftriazone

54
Q

Laryngotracheobronchitis

A

System corticosteroids, maintain airway, O2 supplement

55
Q

Laryngitis

A

Symptom relief (rest voice, lozenges, NSAIDs, hydration, salt gargles)

56
Q

Oral candidiasis

A

Topical antifungals- Nystatis susp. Swish & spit or Clotrimazole troches; Oral antifungals- Fluconazole (7-14 d)

57
Q

Peritonsillar abscess

A

Emergency RAF to ENT, I&D, post-op abx- Amp-sulbactam or clindamycin (IV) & Amox-clav or Clindamycin (PO x 14 d)

58
Q

Parotitis

A

Symptom relief, monitor for complications (orchitis/oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, deafness)

59
Q

Sialadenitis

A

Dicloxacillin or Cephalexin (PO x 7-10 d)

60
Q

Sialolithiasis

A

Hydration, moist heat & massage, milk duct, Sialogogues, NSAIDs

Clin Med (2 decks)

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