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Clin Med > EENT Therapeutics > Flashcards

EENT Therapeutics Flashcards

1
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Supplements (zinc, Vit C, Vit E, carotene, lutein), intravitreal anti-VegF, photodynamic therapy

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2
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A

Manage HTN, laser therapy, intravitreal corticosteroid, intravitreal anti-VegF

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3
Q

Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Manage diabetes, intravitreal anti-VegF, intravitreal corticosteroid, photocoagulation therapy, vitrectomy

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4
Q

Proliferation diabetic retinopathy

A

Panretinal laser coagulation therapy

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5
Q

Cataracts

A

Lifestyle modifications, surgery

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6
Q

Primary open angle glaucoma

A

Monitor IOP, Latanoprost, Timolol

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7
Q

Grave’s ophthalmopathy

A

Manage hyperthyroidism, IV corticosteroids, orbital radiation, Selenium, Rituximab, surgery

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8
Q

Orbital cellulitis

A

IV Vancomycin + Ceftriaxone/ Cefotaxime/ Amp-sulbactam/ Pip-tazobactam/ Ciprofloxacin/ Levofloaxacin

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9
Q

Viral conjunctivitis

A

Sx relief: topical antihistamines or decongestants, warm compress

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10
Q

Bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Restrict contact lens use; Ciproflozacin 0.3% (1-2 gets q3h x 7d) or TMP-Polymyxin B (1 get q3-6h x 7d)

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11
Q

Herpes keratitis- HSV

A

Acyclovir (400 mg BID x 12 m)

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12
Q

Herpes keratitis- VZV

A

Valacyclovir (1g TID x 10d) or Acyclovir (800 mg QD x 10 days)

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13
Q

Blepharitis

A

Lid hygiene, topical abx (Bacitracin or Erythromycin)

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14
Q

Blepharitis- demodex

A

Tea tree oil, Ivermectin

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15
Q

Dacryocystitis

A

Warm compress & massage, irrigation, topical abx (Amos-clavulanate), I&D

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16
Q

Hordeolum

A

Lid hygiene

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17
Q

Chalazion

A

Lid hygiene, intralesional steroids, surgical excision

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18
Q

Entropion

A

Surgery, Botox

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19
Q

Ectropion

A

Surgery, artificial tears

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20
Q

Presbycusis

A

Hearing aids

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21
Q

Ménière’s disease

A

Restrict salt & caffeine, IM/IV Benzodiazepines, K+ sparing diuretics (triamterene, HCTZ), oral steroids (prednisolone)

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22
Q

Acoustic neuroma

A

RAF to ENT, surgical excision, gamma knife radiation

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23
Q

Acoustic trauma

A

RAF to ENT, +/- removal of foreign body, surgical repair

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24
Q

Tinnitus- persistent

A

RAF to audiology, distraction, hydration, zinc or Ginko biloba?

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25
Noise-induced hearing loss
Limit exposure, hearing aids
26
Drug-induced hearing loss
Cease drug
27
Acute otitis media- children < 2 yo
Amoxicillin (80-100 mg/kg x 10 d) or Amox-clav (125 mg x 5-7 d)
28
Acute otitis media- children > 2 yo
None if afebrile; Amoxicillin (80-100 mg/kg x 10 d) or Amox-clav (125 mg x 5-7 d); PCN allergy- cephalosporin or bactrim
29
Chronic otitis media
Cipro 0.2% (10 gets BID x 2 w) or Amox (80-100 mg/kg PO), surgery
30
Otitis media with effusion
Monitor for learning/language difficulty, myringotomy with tubes, Eustacian tuboplasty, adenoidectomy
31
Otitis externa- mild
Topical acetic acid with HC (5 gets TID-QID until resolved)
32
Otitis externa- moderate/severe
Neomycin/Polymyxin B/HC (3-4 gtts TID-QID x 7 d)
33
Otitis externa- fungal
Vosol HC (5 gtts TID-QID), oral fluconazole (if TM perforation)
34
Malignant otitis externa
IV Fluoroquinolones x 6 w
35
Mastoiditis
RAF to ENT, IV Ceftriaxone, surgical debridement, mastoidectomy
36
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Epley maneuver
37
Labyrinthitis- viral
PO prednisone, PO/IV diazepam, PO meclizine, PR promethazine, IV hydration, vestibular rehab
38
Labyrinthitis- bacterial
RAF to ENT, I&D, IV abx
39
TM perforation
RAF to ENT, remove foreign body, surgical repair
40
Acute sinusitis
Symptom relief, abx if fever/purulent drainage; children- Amox (80-100 mg/kg/d) or Amox-clav (125 mg), adults- Amox-clay (500-125 mg TID) or Amox-clav (875-125 mg BID)
41
Chronic sinusitis
Symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists), Amox-clav x 3-10 w
42
Chronic sinusitis- refractory cases
Symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists), Amox-clav x 3-10 w; may RAF to ENT
43
Allergic rhinitis
Avoid allergen, symptom relief (intranasal steroids, oral steroids, LTR antagonists, mast cell stabilizers)
44
Nasal polyps
Tx pathology, intranasal steroids, oral steroids, may surgically excise
45
Aphthous ulcers
Topical corticosteroids- Fluocinonide 0.05% gel, Clobetasol prop. 0.05% gel, Triamcinolone 0.1% pint.; Pain management- visc. Lidocaine swish & spit, OTC benzocaine
46
Herpes (gingivo)stomatitis
PO Acyclovir (5QD x 5 days), Visc. Lido 2% swish & spit, NSAIDs
47
Oral herpes simplex
PO Acyclovir (5QD x 5 days), Visc. Lido 2% swish & spit, NSAIDs
48
Leukoplakia/Erythroplakia
Monitor, biopsy, surgical excision, reduce risk factors
49
Oral lichen planus
Oral hygiene, topical steroids
50
Oral cancer
Surgical excision, radiation therapy, chemotherapy
51
Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis- viral
Symptom relief
52
Acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis- Group A Strep
Penicillin VK (PO x 10 d), Penicillin G (IM x 1), Amoxicillin (PO x 10 d)
53
Epiglottitis
Maintain airway, O2 supplement, IV Vancomycin + Ceftriazone
54
Laryngotracheobronchitis
System corticosteroids, maintain airway, O2 supplement
55
Laryngitis
Symptom relief (rest voice, lozenges, NSAIDs, hydration, salt gargles)
56
Oral candidiasis
Topical antifungals- Nystatis susp. Swish & spit or Clotrimazole troches; Oral antifungals- Fluconazole (7-14 d)
57
Peritonsillar abscess
Emergency RAF to ENT, I&D, post-op abx- Amp-sulbactam or clindamycin (IV) & Amox-clav or Clindamycin (PO x 14 d)
58
Parotitis
Symptom relief, monitor for complications (orchitis/oophoritis, meningitis, encephalitis, deafness)
59
Sialadenitis
Dicloxacillin or Cephalexin (PO x 7-10 d)
60
Sialolithiasis
Hydration, moist heat & massage, milk duct, Sialogogues, NSAIDs

Clin Med (2 decks)

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