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Peds Rotation > EENT part 1 > Flashcards

EENT part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

H. influenzae
H. aegyptius
S. pneumoniae
N. gonorrhoeae

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2
Q

S/sx of bacterial conjunctivitis

A 
Mucopurulent unilateral or bilateral d/c
Nl vision
Photophobia
Conjunctival injection and edema (chemosis)
Gritty sensation
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3
Q

Tx of bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Topical abx- polymycin B-trimethoprim or sulfacetamide 5% or erythromycin for chlamydial
Parenteral ceftriaxone for gonococcus

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4
Q

Organisms of viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus
Echovirus
Coxsackievirus

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5
Q

S/sx of viral conjunctivitis

A 
Mucoid/serous d/c
Nl vision
Photophobia
Conjunctival injection and edema
Gritty sensation
May be hemorrhagic
Unilateral
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6
Q

Tx of viral conjunctivitis

A

Self-limited

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7
Q

Organisms of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

C. trachomatis
Gonococcus
Chemical
S. aureus

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8
Q

S/sx of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Palpebral conjunctival or papillae

Same as for bacterial infection

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9
Q

Tx of neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Ceftriaxone for gonococcus

PO erythromycin for C. trachomatis

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10
Q

Causes of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Seasonal pollens or allergen exposure

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11
Q

S/sx of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Itching

Incidence of bilat chemosis (edema) greater than that of erythema, tarsal papillae

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12
Q

Tx of allergic conjunctivitis

A

Antihistamines
Steroids
Cromolyn

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13
Q

Organisms of postseptal orbital cellulitis: paranasal sinusitis

A

H. influenzae
S. aureus
S. pneumoniae
Other streptococci

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14
Q

Organisms of postseptal orbital cellulitis: trauma

A

S. aureus

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15
Q

Organisms of postseptal orbital cellulitis: fungi

A

Aspergillus

Mucor if immunodeficient

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16
Q

S/sx of postseptal orbital cellulitis

A 
Rhinorrhea
Chemosis
Vision loss
Painful EOM
Proptosis
Ophthalmoplegia
Fever
Lid edema
Leukocytosis
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17
Q

Tx of postseptal orbital cellulitis

A

Systemic abx

Drainage of orbital abscesses

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18
Q

Organisms of preseptal orbital cellulitis: trauma

A

S. aureus

Other streptococci

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19
Q

Organisms of preseptal orbital cellulitis: bacteremia

A

Pneumococcus
Streptococci
H. influenzae

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20
Q

S/sx of preseptal orbital cellulitis

A 
Cutaneous erythema
Warmth
Nl vision
Minimal involvement of orbit
Fever
Leukocytosis
Toxic appearance
21
Q

Tx of preseptal orbital cellulitis

A

Systemic abx

22
Q

What is most strabismus caused by?

A

Refractive error

Muscle imbalance

23
Q

RFs for infantile strabismus

A 
FHx
Genetic d/os
Prenatal drug exposure
Prematurity or low birth weight
Congenital eye defects
Cerebral palsy
24
Q

Causes of acquired strabismus

A 
Refractive error
Tumors
Head trauma
Neurologic conditions
Palsy of CNs III, IV, or VI
Viral infections
Acquired eye defects
25
Q

Esotropia characteristics

A

Commonly infantile

Accommodative esotropia occurs between 2 and 4 yoa

26
Q

Characteristics of exotropia

A

Most often intermittent and idiopathic

27
Q

Characteristics of hypertropia

A

Can be paralytic, caused by 4th cranial nerve palsy, or less commonly, as a result of 3rd cranial nerve palsy
Occurs congenitally or after head trauma

28
Q

Characteristics of hypotropia

A

Can be restrictive

29
Q

Dx of strabismus

A

Corneal light reflex test
Cover test
Alternate uncover test

30
Q

Tx of strabismus

A

Patching or atropine drops to attendant amblyopia
Contact lenses or eyeglasses for refractive error
Eye exercises for convergence insufficiency only
Surgical alignment of the eyes

31
Q

Pathophys of acute otitis media

A

Bacteria gain access to the middle ear when the nl patency of the eustachian tube is blocked by upper airway infection or hypertrophied adenoids

32
Q

MC bacterial pathogens of acute otitis media

A

S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae
M. catarrhalis

33
Q

Peak incidence of acute otitis media

A

Between 6 and 15 mos of life

January and February

34
Q

Major RFs of acute otitis media

A

Young age
Lack of breastfeeding
Passive exposure to tobacco exposure
Increased exposure to infectious agents (day care)

35
Q

Definition of recurrent OM

A

The presence of six or more acute OM episodes in the 1st 6 yrs of life

36
Q

Sx of acute otitis media in infants

A

Fever
Irritability
Poor feeding

37
Q

Sx of acute otitis media in older children and adolescents

A

Fever
Otalgia
Otorrhea
Signs of a common cold

38
Q

PE of acute otitis media

A

Bulging TM
Air fluid level
Visualization of purulent material
Poor or absent mobility to negative and positive pressure
Light reflex is lost
Middle ear structures are obscured and difficult to distinguish

39
Q

Tx of acute otitis media: otherwise healthy with mild sx, unilateral OM, age 6-24 mos

A

Acetaminophen

Ibuprofen

40
Q

Tx of acute OM: otherwise healthy with mild sx, bilat/unilaterial, age 2+ yrs

A

Acetaminophen

Ibuprofen

41
Q

What are considered mild sx in acute OM?

A

Low-grade fever
Not screaming in pain
Not much bulging in the TM

42
Q

When are abx indicated in children 6 mos and older with acute OM?

A

Moderate otalgia
Otalgia for >48 hrs
Temp of 102.2 (39) or greater
Bilat OM if younger than 2 yrs

43
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: no daycare attendance and no abx within 30 days

A

High-dose amoxicillin
Greater than or equal to 2 yo: 7 days
>2 yrs: 10 days

44
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: daycare attendance and/or abx within 30 days

A

Augmentin

10 days

45
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: failure of amoxicillin

A

Augmentin

10 days

46
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: beta lactam allergy non-anaphylactic

A

Cefuroxime
Greater than or equal to 2 yo: 7 days
>2 yo: 10 days

47
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: beta lactam allergy anaphylactic or cephalosporin allergy

A

Clarithromycin

10 days

48
Q

Tx of acute otitis media with abx: tympanostomy tubes

A

Ciprofloxacin 0.3%/dexamethasone 0.1% (Ciprodex)

Ofloxacin

Peds Rotation (12 decks)

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