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Peds Rotation > Derm part 2 > Flashcards

Derm part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Organism of scabies

A

Sarcoptes scabiei

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2
Q

What is the hallmark presentation of scabies?

A

Severe and paroxysmal itching

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3
Q

Eruption of scabies in children

A

Eczematous eruption composed of red, excoriated papules and nodules

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4
Q

Distribution of scabies

A 
Axillae
Umbilicus
Groin
Penis
Instep of the foot
Web spaces of the fingers and toes
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5
Q

Scabies in infants

A

Diffuse erythema, scaling and pinpoint papules

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6
Q

How to confirm the dx of scabies

A

Microscopic visualization of the mite, eggs, larvae, or feces in scrapings of papules or burrows examined under oil immersion

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7
Q

Tx of scabies

A

12-hr application of permethrin 5% cream applied to the entire body
Repeat 1 wk later
Treat all close contacts
Wash all bed linens, towels, and clothes worn for the previous 2 days before tx in hot water and high heat

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8
Q

Transmission of lice

A 
Direct contact with another infested individual
Indirect through:
-Contact with fomites
-Hairbrushes
-Combs
-Caps
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9
Q

What is the primary symptom of lice?

A

Itching

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10
Q

Location of pediculosis capitis itching

A

Behind the ears or on the nape of the neck, or a crawling sensation in the scalp

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11
Q

Dx of head lice

A

Visualization of a live louse through wet combing

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12
Q

Which type of nits suggests active infestation?

A

Brown nits located on the proximal hair shaft

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13
Q

Tx of head lice

A

Over the counter permethrin and pyrethrin-based products

Second tx should be applied in 7-10 days

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14
Q

Tx of resistant head lice

A

Malathion lotion

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15
Q

Causative organism of warts

A

HPV

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16
Q

How are common warts transmitted?

A

Direct contact or by fomites

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17
Q

Description of common wart

A

Painless, well-circumscribed, 2-5 mm papule with a papillated or verrucous surface typically distributed on the fingers, toes, elbows, and knees.

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18
Q

Filiform warts

A

Verrucous, exophytic, 2 mm papules that have a narrow or pedunculated base

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19
Q

Flat warts

A

Multiple, flat-topped 2-4 mm papules clustered on the dorsal surface of the hands, soles of the feet (plantar warts), or on the face

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20
Q

Tx of warts except genital

A

Typically self-limited and resolve spontaneously without tx
Salicylic acid
Liquid nitro
Laser therapy

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21
Q

3 subclasses of urticaria

A

Acute
Chronic
Physical

22
Q

Acute urticaria

A

Hives that last <6 wks

23
Q

Chronic urticaria

A

Persistence of sx beyond 6 wks

Can be daily sx or intermittent or recurrent

24
Q

Physical urticaria

A

Characterized by known eliciting external factors that may include pressure, cold, heat, exercise, or exposure to sun or water

25
Q

What is the most common physical urticaria?

A

Dermatographism

26
Q

Dermatographism

A

Characterized by an urticarial reaction localized to the site of skin trauma

27
Q

Cholinergic urticaria

A

The appearance of 1-3 mm wheals surrounded by large erythematous flares after an increase in core body temp

28
Q

Causes of cholinergic urticaria

A

Strenuous exercise
Hot bath
Emotional stress

29
Q

Cold urticaria

A

Occurs with exposure to cold and may develop within minutes on areas directly exposed to cold or on rewarming of the affected parts

30
Q

PE of urticaria

A

Raised erythematous lesions with pale centers that are intensely pruritic
Lesions vary in size and can occur anywhere on the body

31
Q

Timing of urticaria

A

Arises suddenly and may resolve within 1-2 hrs or may persist for 24 hrs.

32
Q

Tx of urticaria

A

Second generation H1 antihistamines
Add sedating H1 antihistamines or H2 antihistamines at bedtime if needed
TCAs for H1 and H2 activity
Montelukast

33
Q

What are the four criteria upon which burns are classified?

A

Depth of injury
Percent of body surface area involved
Location of the burn
Association with other injuries

34
Q

Superficial burns

A

Red, painful, and dry
Commonly seen with seen with sun exposure or mild scald injuries
Involve injury to the epidermis only
Heal in 2-5 days without scarring
Not included in burn surface area calculations

35
Q

Superficial partial-thickness burns PE

A

Involve the entire epidermis and superficial dermis

Have fluid-containing blisters.

36
Q

Tx and healing of superficial partial-thickness burns

A

Debridement

Healing usually occurs within about 2 wks without the need for skin grafting and without scarring.

37
Q

Deep partial-thickness burns PE

A

Involve the entire epidermis and deeper portions of the dermis

38
Q

Characteristics of superficial partial-thickness burns after tx

A

Underlying dermis appears erythematous and wet, will be painful, and will blanch under pressure

39
Q

Dermal base of deep partial-thickness burns

A

Less blanching
Mottled pink or white
Less painful than superficial partial-thickness burns

40
Q

Tx of deep partial-thickness burns

A

Excision and grafting

41
Q

Full-thickness burns PE

A

Involve all skin layers
Dry, white, dark, red, brown, or black in color
Do not blanch and are usually insensate

42
Q

Tx of full-thickness burns

A

Surgical management

43
Q

When to suspect inhalation injuries with burns

A

Facial burns
Singed nasal hairs
Carbonaceous sputum
Hoarseness on vocalization

44
Q

Rule of 9s for children

A

Face: 18%
Torso: 18% each for both front and back
Arms: 9%
Legs: 14%

45
Q

Labs for major burns

A 
CBC
Type and crossmatch
Coagulation studies
Basic chem profile
ABG
CXR
46
Q

Labs for suspected inhalation exposure for burns

A

Carboxyhemoglobin assessment

47
Q

Labs for children who sustain smoke inhalation and have AMS

A

Cyanide levels

48
Q

Burn center transfer criteria

A

Partial and full-thickness burns >10% total body surface area in pts <10 yrs old or >50 yo or >20% TBSA in other age groups
Partial and full-thickness burns involving the face, hands, feet, genitalia, perineum, or major joints
Electrical burns
Chemical burns
Inhalation injury
Burn injury in pts with preexisting medical conditions that could complicate management, prolong recovery, or increase mortality rate
Any burn with concomitant trauma
Burn injury in children with ill-euqipped hospitals
Children who required social, emotional, or rehabilitative support

49
Q

Tx of burns

A 
ABCs
Fluid management- children with a significant burn should get rapid bolus of 20 mL/kg LR solution
Nutritional support
Wound care
Pain control
50
Q

Common topical agents for burns

A 
Silver sulfadiazine
Polymyxin B/bacitracin/neomycin
Alternatives:
Silver nitrate
Mafenide acetate

Peds Rotation (12 decks)

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