EENT Flashcards
What are the sx of strep throat?
- Fever > 38 C
- tender cervical adenopathy
- lack of cough
- tonsillar exudate
What 2 meds are used for tx of strep throat?
- PCN
- Erythromycin
PCN: What should you monitor?
- Signs of anaphylaxis during 1st dose
- Opportunistic infection
What med can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin?
PCN
What are the causes of acute laryngitis?
- Usually viral
- M. catarrhali, H. influenzae
What 3 meds are used for tx of acute laryngitis?
- Erythromycin
- Cefuroxime
- Augmentin
What are the signs & sx of HSV?
- Prodrome = burning, pain, tingling
- Erythematous papules –> vesicles rupture –> SF ulcers –> scabs
What labs should you monitor in HSV?
- Urinalysis
- BUN, Cr, liver enzymes, CBC
What 3 abx should you use for bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides (Tobramycin)
- Polymixin-Trimethoprim
What abx should you use for bacterial conjunctivitis?
- Macrolides
- Aminoglycosides (Tobramycin)
- Polymixin-Trimethoprim
What organism causes blepharitis?
S. aureus
How do you tx preseptal (periorbital) cellulitis?
- If MSSA:
1. Augmentin
2. Cefpodoxime
3. Cefdinir - If CA-MRSA:
1. Trimethoprim
2. Clindamycin
3. Doxycycline
How do you tx a corneal abrasion?
- Erythromycin
- Sulfacetamide
- Polymixin/trimethoprim
- Ciprofloxacin
How do you tx corneal abrasion?
- Erythromycin
- Sulfacetamide
- Polymixin/trimethoprim
- Ciprofloxacin
How do you tx a corneal ulcer?
Fluoroquinolones
How do you tx HSV keratitis?
- Topical antivirals: Ganciclovir gel, trifluridine solution
- Corticosteroids (ONLY via ophthalmologist)
How do you tx herpes zoster?
- Antivirals & abx
- Corticosteroids (ONLY via ophthalmologist)
Bacterial conjunctivitis: What method of tx is preferred for children?
Ointment
*Also good for those w/ poor compliance & whom it is difficult to administer eye meds
In pts w/ bacterial conjunctivitis, when should they respond to the med?
1-2 days
What is the tx for viral conjunctivitis?
None, but…
Can relieve sx via:
- Antihistamine/decongestants
- Lubricating agents
For acute conjunctivitis, what med should NOT be prescribed by primary care clinicians?
Glucocorticoids
How do you tx otitis externa?
- Decrease moisture
- Aminoglycoside
- Fluoroquinolones
How do you tx otitis externa?
- Decrease moisture
- Aminoglycosides
- Fluoroquinolones
How do you tx otitis media?
- Amoxicillin (empiric tx)
- Erythromycin + sulfonamide
- Cefaclor
- Augmentin
In otitis media, how should you disperse augmentin to a child w/ severe illness?
90mg every 12 hrs for 10 days
In otitis media, how should you disperse augmentin to a child w/ severe illness?
90mg every 12 hrs for 10 days
How do you tx otitis media in pts w/ PCN allergy?
- Azithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole
- Clindamycin (max = 1.8mg)
- Trimethoprim
Describe sinusitis
- Most often viral
- Inflammation of > 1 of the paired paranasal sinuses (maxillary = most common)
What organisms are seen in bacterial sinusitis?
S. pneumo > H. influenzae > M. catarrhalis
How do you tx sinusitis?
- Fluids
- Humidity
- Saline irrigation
When can you administer abx for tx of sinusitis?
Only if sx worsen after 5-7 days or sx persist > 10-14 days
What can decrease one’s risk of acute otitis media?
Vaccination against flu & pneumo
What is the empiric med for acute sinusitis?
Amoxicillin
What is the empiric med for acute pharyngitis?
PCN
What does of amoxicillin is recommended in pts w/ otitis media who have a high risk for a PRSP infection?
High dose (80-90mg/day)
What are the characteristics of primary open-angle glaucoma?
- 95% of cases
- Insidious, peripheral vision loss
- Excavation (“cupping”) & pallor of the optic disk
- Elevated IOP due to reduced drainage of aqueous fluid through the trabecular meshwork
How do you decrease IOP in open-angle glaucoma?
- Increase aqueous drainage
- Decrease aqueous production
- Surgery (if unresponsive to meds)
