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Clin Med I > EENT > Flashcards

EENT Flashcards

1
Q

5 Structures of the External Eye

A

Eyelid, Conjunctiva, Lacrimal gland, Eye muscles, Bony Skull Orbit

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2
Q

Elevates and retracts the upper eyelid

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

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3
Q

All extraocular muscles except for superior oblique and lateral rectus are innervated by

A

Oculomotor N. (CN III)

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4
Q

3 layers of Internal Eye

A

Outer fibrous layer: sclera & cornea
Middle layer: Choroid and ciliary body/iris
Inner layer: Retina

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5
Q

5 major structures of the Internal eye

A

sclera, cornea, iris, lens, retina

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6
Q

White of the eye, avascular, supports internal eye structures

A

Sclera

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7
Q

Continuous w/ the sclera anteriorly, clear, sensory innervation for pain, major part of refractive power of the eye

A

Cornea

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8
Q

The uveal tract is composed of:

A

Iris, ciliary body, and choroids

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9
Q

a circular, contractile muscular disk containing pigment cells that produce the color of the eye

A

Iris

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10
Q

Dilates/contracts to control amount of light traveling through the pupil to the retina

A

Iris

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11
Q

Produces aqueous humor and contains the muscles controlling accommodation

A

Ciliary body

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12
Q

pigmented, richly vascular layer that supplies oxygen to the outer layer of the retina

A

Choroid

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13
Q

biconvex, transparent structure located immediately behind the iris; supported circumferentially by fibers arising from the ciliary body

A

Lens

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14
Q

Contraction and relaxation of _______ changes lens thickness

A

ciliary body

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15
Q

Sensory network of the eye; transforms light impulses into electrical impulses

A

Retina

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16
Q

Electrical impulses are transmitted through

A

optic nerve, optic tract, optic radiation, visual cortex, consciousness in the cerebral cortex

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17
Q

Site of central vision

A

Macula/fovea

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18
Q

At what age is binocular vision development complete?

A

3-4 months old

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19
Q

What type of vision is fully developed at birth?

A

Peripheral vision

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20
Q

At what age is an infant able to differentiate colors?

A

by 6 months old

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21
Q

Adult visual acuity is achieved at what age?

A

4 years old

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22
Q

Progressive weakening of accommodation with aging

A

Presbyopia

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23
Q

Bulging of eye anteriorly out of orbit

A

Exophthalmos

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24
Q

Inflammation of the superficial layers of the sclera anterior to the insertion of the rectus muscles

A

Episcleritis

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25
Q

Deposition of calcium in the superficial cornea

A

Band keratopathy

26
Q

Disruption of the corneal epithelium and stroma

A

Corneal ulcer

27
Q

Both eyes do not focus on an object simultaneously

A

Strabismus

28
Q

a form of strabismus in which one or more extraocular muscles or their nerve supply is impaired

A

Paralytic strabismus

29
Q

Type of strabismus in which the patient can focus with either eye but not with both simultaneously

A

Nonparalytic strabismus

30
Q

Triad of ipsilateral miosis, mild ptosis, and loss of hemifacial sweating; results from interruption of sympathetic nerve supply to the eye

A

Horner syndrome

31
Q

Opacities in the lens

A

Cataracts

32
Q

Dot hemorrhages or microaneurysms and the presence of hard and soft exudates

A

Diabetic retinopathy (background)

33
Q

Development of new vessels as result of anoxic stimulation

A

Diabetic retinopathy (proliferative)

34
Q

occurs when serum triglyceride level exceeds 2000mg/dL

A

Lipemia retinalis

35
Q

Autosomal recessive disorder in which the genetic defects cause cell death predominantly in the rod photoreceptors

A

Retinitis pigmentosa

36
Q

Disease of the optic nerve resulting from increased intraocular pressure; nerve cells die, producing a characteristic appearance of the optic nerve (increased cupping)

A

Glaucoma

37
Q

inflammatory process involving both the choroid and the retina

A

Chorioretinal inflammation

38
Q

Caused by a lesion, most commonly a pituitary tumor, interrupting the optic chiasm

A

Bitemporal hemianopia

39
Q

Can be caused by a lesion arising in optic nerve radiation on either side of the brain

A

Homonymous hemianopia

40
Q

Embryonal malignant tumor arising from retina

A

Retinoblastoma

41
Q

Disruption of normal progression of retinal vascular development in preterm infant

A

Retinopathy of prematurity

42
Q

occurs in infant victims of shaken-baby syndrome

A

Retinal hemorrhages in infancy

43
Q

Convergence of small fragile arteries and veins in the nasal region

A

Kiesselbach plexus

44
Q

Space between the buccal mucosa and the outer surface of the teeth and gums

A

Vestibule

45
Q

Permanent teeth begin forming in the jaw by what age?

A

6 months old

46
Q

Age-related hearing loss is associated with

A

Degeneration of hair cells in the organ of Corti, loss of cortical and organ of Corti auditory neurons, degeneration of the cochlear conductive membrane, decreased vascularization of the cochlea

47
Q

Inflammation of the middle ear resulting in the collection of serous, mucoid, or purulent fluid (effusion) when the TM is intact

A

Otitis media w/ effusion

48
Q

Inflammation in the middle ear, associated w/ a middle ear effusion that becomes infected by bacterial organisms

A

Acute otitis media

49
Q

Inflammation of the auditory canal and external surface of the TM

A

Otitis externa

50
Q

Trapped epithelial tissue behind the TM that is often the result of untreated or chronic recurrent otitis media

A

Cholesteatoma

51
Q

Hearing loss resulting from reduced transmission of sound to the middle ear

A

Conductive hearing loss

52
Q

hearing loss resulting from a disorder of the inner ear, damage to CN VIII, genetic disorders, systemic disease, ototoxic medication, trauma, tumors, and prolonged exposure to loud noise

A

Sensorineural hearing loss

53
Q

disorder of progressive hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo that in some cases has a genetic mode of transmission

A

Meniere’s disease

54
Q

illusion of rotational movement by a patient, often due to a disorder of the inner ear (Meniere’s disease, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo)

A

Vertigo

55
Q

bacterial infection of one or more of the paranasal sinuses

A

Sinusitis

56
Q

infx of tonsils or posterior pharynx by microorganisms such as GABHS or other strep species, Neisseria gonorrhea, Mycoplasma pneumoniae

A

Acute pharyngitis

57
Q

Deep infection in the space between the soft palate and tonsil

A

Peritonsillar abscess

58
Q

life-threatening infection in the lateral pharyngeal space that has the potential to occlude the airway; most commonly occurs in children

A

Retropharyngeal abscess

59
Q

Cancer involving the oral cavity or related structures

A

Oral Cancer

60
Q

What type of cancer is most often associated with oral cancer?

A

Squamous cell

Clin Med I (3 decks)

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