Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med I > Dermatology > Flashcards

Dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

MC benign cutaneous growth w/ “stuck on” appearance due to failure of suppressor genes FGFR3 & P13K

A

Seborrheic Keratosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Asymptomatic, soft, yellowish papules occurring as single or multiple lesions on the face w/ a central dell (umbilication) surrounded by “crown vessels” on the rim only

A

Sebaceous Hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arise of pilosebaceous unit; asymptomatic firm subepidermal papules, MC of face
Very common in all ages - even newborns

A

Milium (Milia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outgrowth of normal skin: skin tags (up to 1cm) & fibroepithelial polyps (>1cm); soft pedunculated papules, may be hyperpigmented or skin color

A

Acrochordon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Usually follows trauma such as insect bite; firm nodules that are pigmented w/ pink to purple to brown outer pigment; <0.5cm & + Dimple sign

A

Dermatofibroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

MC benign soft-tissue neoplasms; asymptomatic, soft SQ mass that “slips” with palpation, covered by regular skin, NO punctum

A

Lipoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

MC vascular neoplasm; proliferation of capillaries; macules or papules may be red, blue, or purple; do not blanch and are not symptomatic

A

Cherry Angioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Permanently dilated superficial cutaneous blood vessels, often blanchable

A

Telangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Solitary, rapidly growing dome-shaped vascular lesion; very friable; most are red or pink w/ moist shiny surface and collarette at base

A

Pyogenic Granuloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Genetic trait (MC1R) predisposition w/ UV trigger; darken w/ UV exposure and often lighten or disappear during winter; pigmented macule found only on sun exposed skin; may have irregular margins

A

Ephilis aka Freckles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

pigmented macule found on sun exposed area; DOES NOT recede in absence of UV exposure; well-circumscribed; IS an independent risk factor for Melanoma

A

Solar Lentigo (lentigines)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

light to dark brown macules that are not related to UV damage, but due to increased melanocytes; often appear during childhood & are NOT affected by sun exposure; can also occur on mucous membranes and palms/soles

A

Lentigo Simplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Birthmark; uniformly light brown pigmented macules/patches that appear at birth or during infancy; multiples lesions a/w neurofibromatosis 1&2

A

Cafe au Lait Macules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Congenital; looks like Cafe au Lait but with darker areas mixed in; presents in infancy

A

Nevus Spilus (speckled lentinginous nevus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Very large brown to tan patch +/- increased darker hair growth; Unilateral
Harmatomas: involves keratinocytes, hair follicles, and melanocytes
May be a/w ipsilater hypoplasia of breast or limbs, scoliosis, spina bifida occulta

A

Becker’s Nevus (Becker’s Melanosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

dark blue-brown patches d/t elongated melanocytes; MC on the sacrum; infants with dark skin tones
May be a/w various inborn errors of metabolism and neurocristopathies

A

Congenital dermal melanocytosis; Mongolian Spots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

failure of the melanocytes to migrate to the epidermis during development; unilateral distribution along trigeminal nerve (v1 and v2 branches) (skin, conjunctiva, sclera, TM, mucosal surfaces) prevalence in females of Asian, African American, and Indian races

A

Oculodermal melanocytosis (Nevus of Ota)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Involves the lateral supraclavicular or lateral brachial nerve distribution (suprascapular, scapular, & deltoid regions); unilateral

A

Nevus of Ito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

derived from a variant of melanocytes; located in nests near the DEJ; able to produce melanin; non-dendritic and larger; can be congenital or acquired

A

Nevus

20
Q

small or medium sized solitary nevi, occur anywhere; appear at birth or within first 6mos. Tan to black; borders are often geographic and irregular; many have an increased density of dark, terminal hairs

A

Congenital Melanocytic Nevi (CMN)

21
Q

Nevus that typically appears during childhood and can occur anywhere on the body (more in UV exposed areas); may be numerous or atypical and confer risk of cutaneous melanoma

A

Acquired Melanocytic Nevi (AMN)

22
Q

Derived from spindle-shaped melanocytes; usually presents as solitary pink to brown papule on the extremities or face before age 20

A

Spitz Nevi

23
Q

Development of a hypopigmented halo surrounding an AMN; usually appear on the trunk during adolescence; thought to be T-cell mediated immune response analogous to vitiligo; most benign

A

Halo Nevus

24
Q

nevus that appears blue due to depth of pigmented cells; dark blue to black (<5mm) well-circumscribed

A

Blue Nevus

25
Q

benign MAN which share some features w/ melanoma; higher incidence in those w/ sunburns before age 20

A

Dysplastic (Atypical) Nevi

26
Q

5th most common cancer in men and women, overall. MC cancer in 25-29 yo; 2nd MC cancer in those 15-25; MCC cancer death in females 25-30

A

Melanoma

27
Q

The two most common somatic mutations in melanoma are

A

BRAF/MAPK & CDK2NA

28
Q

What is the most predictive factor in staging melanoma?

A

Breslow depth (in mm)

29
Q

Most likely type of melanoma to be a/w a pre-existing nevus; MC about 70% of melanoma cases; has radial and vertical growth patterns

A

Superficial Spreading Melanoma

30
Q

10-15% of melanoma cases; most aggressive form; usually invasive at time of diagnoses, grows rapidly; dominant vertical growth pattern; prone to ulceration with a friable surface

A

Nodular Melanoma

31
Q

irregular, mottled brown macules w/ variegated pigment; can be hidden among solar lentigines on sun-damaged skin. Appears as “lentigo” at first; MC in the elderly, arising on chronically sun-exposed skin; has subclinical extension beyond borders of pigmented lesion

A

Lentigo maligna & lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM)

32
Q

accounts for 20% of melanoma Fitz types IV, V & VI; pigmented macules develop on the palms, soles, and subungal areas (MC on plantar foot); spreads superficially before penetrating deeper
Often delayed dx, resulting in a poor 5-yr survival rate of 25-51%

A

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

33
Q

What is sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) recommended for?

A

Lesions 1-4mm in thickness OR if ulceration is present, regardless of size

34
Q

Melanoma in-situ - confined to epidermis

A

Stage 0

35
Q

up to 1mm melanoma

A

Stage I

36
Q

Melanoma >1mm thick, but no nodal involvement

A

Stage II

37
Q

melanoma of any depth, but has nodal involvement

A

Stage III

38
Q

Melanoma w/ distant nodal involvement OR organ mets

A

Stage IV

39
Q

premalignant cutaneous lesions that may progress to squamous cell carcinoma; atypical keratinocytes that show an increased mitotic rate

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK) aka Solar Keratosis

40
Q

erythematous scaly plaques located on chronically sun-exposed areas (face, scalp, forearms, dorsal hands); May be asymptomatic or itch/burn/sting; very often palpable before they are visible or cause symptoms; pink to red areas with a texture likened to that of sandpaper or “spikes”

A

Actinic Keratosis (AK)

41
Q

2nd leading cause of skin cancer in Caucasians; MC type of skin cancer in AA’s

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)

42
Q

Malignant epithelial tumor arising from a proliferation of keratinocytes (squamous cells) from the epidermis; mutations in p53 gene are MC genetic abnormalities found in AK, SCCIS, and invasive SCC

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

43
Q

Erythematous papules, plaques, or nodules arising in sun-exposed areas; may have smooth or hyperkeratotic surface. Often tender, may arise quickly or be slow growing, may bleed

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

44
Q

MC human malignancy - accounts for 70% of NMSC; rare in dark skin color; arises from the basal layer of epidermis; damage caused by XRT, UVR compromises the ability of the skin to repair or destroy damaged cells

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

45
Q

Dome shaped pearly papule; slow, progressive growth over time; “rolled borders”
Often reported as “sore spot” that waxes and wanes but never fully heals, may bleed with minimal trauma
Lesions are locally invasive - metastasis is rare

A

Basal Cell Carcinoma

46
Q

Characteristically sclerotic plaques with a waxy, atrophic white surface; commonly asymptomatic and mistaken for a scar; extend far beyond visible surface resulting in very high rates of recurrence

A

Morpheaform (Sclerosing) BCC

Clin Med I (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions