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R. EEG T. > EEG Boards > Flashcards

EEG Boards Flashcards

1
Q

What additional electrodes could be placed to help decipher between artifact and cortical activity in this sample?

A

EOG electrodes

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2
Q

Brain Abcess

A

Focal polymorphic delta activity.

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3
Q

Which of the following extra electrodes might best demonstrate the EEG activity associated with focal motor twitching of the right corner of the mouth?

A

C5

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4
Q

An abbreviated 10-20 placement, respiration, ECG and EOG monitors should be used when recording…

A

Neonates

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5
Q

Sphenoidal electrodes are used to record activity from the …

A

Anterior temporal lobes

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6
Q

Why is it not best practice to allow an outpatient to sleep throughout the entire EEG recording?

A

Unable to evaluate the patient’s background rhythm.

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7
Q

Cortical EEG recordings can be obscured in patients who are tense and anxious due to …

A

Myogenic Artifact

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8
Q

What type of monitoring would be useful in an EEG patient experiencing syncope?

A

ECG

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9
Q

What additional monitoring should be done in a middle age patient who repeatedly alerts from sleep during the EEG?

A

Respiration

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10
Q

Which of the following is important for the technologist to document in order to aid in interpretations?

A

The patient was awake and alert during the recording

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11
Q

A slow wave focus is best seen with…

A

LF 0.3 Hz, paper speed 15 mm/sec

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12
Q

A waveform of 0.5 Hz can be best enhanced with a filter of

A

LF 0.3 Hz

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13
Q

Which combination of settings will help enhance a low voltage slow wave that is being masked by muscle activity?

A

Sensitivity 5; LF .3; HF 35

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14
Q

Referential recording is most appropriate for measuring

A

Voltage

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15
Q

Fourteen and six Hz positive spike are best recorded with

A

The contralateral ear reference

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16
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate instrumentation setting change that should be made in order to enhance cortical slowing?

A

Change the LFF from 1 Hz to .1 Hz

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17
Q

When attempting to minimize relentless muscle artifact on a recording, the technologist should be aware that lowering the high filter could cause the artifact to resemble:

A

beta activity

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18
Q

When using the average reference, if a spike-and-wave focus appears at C3, the abnormality would be best enhanced by…

A

Excluding C3 and surrounding electrodes from reference.

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19
Q

To enhance the background alpha and beta asymmetry in an EEG record showing moderately high voltage delta activity, the technologist should use a…

A

shorter time constant and increased sensitivity

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20
Q

Of the following, the BEST choice of reference to be used when recording in suspected temporal lobe epilepsy is:

A

CZ

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21
Q

Which of the following sites is most commonly used for the ground electrode in EEG?

A

FPZ

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22
Q

Gradual changes in amplitude, frequency, or spatial distribution of rhythms is know as:

A

Evolution

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23
Q

What happens when a 60 cycle sine wave is sampled at 100 hertz?

A

Aliasing

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24
Q

If the Low Frequency Filter is changed from 1 Hz to 5 Hz, how will a 2 Hz slow wave be affected?

A

It will be significantly attenuated

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25
Q

Which of the following is not useful in digital EEG recordings?

A

bio calibration

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26
Q

Digital EEG montages are reformatted by using

A

System reference

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27
Q

EEG amplifiers work on the principle of

A

both differential and amplification

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28
Q

Which of the following instruments magnifies the common-mode voltage difference between two inputs?

A

Differential Amplifier

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29
Q

The 60 Hz notch filter will have the greatest effect on a waveform having a duration of

A

16 msec

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30
Q

Clipping of the waveforms occurs when:

A

the signal is outside the range of the digitizer

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31
Q

According to the Guidelines, how many bits of resolution is required?

A

16

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32
Q

A LFF setting of 5 Hz will attenuate a 5 Hz wave by approximately:

A

0.3

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33
Q

The sharpness of the frequency response curve is determined by the filter

A

rolloff

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34
Q

Time Constant

A

Low Frequency Filter (LFF)

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35
Q

The ability of an amplifier to reject like signals.

A

Common mode rejection

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36
Q

Doubling the inter-electrode distances will have what effect on the waveforms?

A

Increase amplitude

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37
Q

Which of the following is not useful in digital EEG recordings?

A

bio calibration

38
Q

Vertical Resolution

A

Amplitude

39
Q

Which of the following converts an analog signal into a series of digital binary numbers?

A

A/D converter

40
Q

Digital EEG montages are reformatted by using

A

system reference

41
Q

Frequency

A

Influenced by sampling rate and measured in hertz

42
Q

For low frequency filters (LFFs), the corresponding time constants for LFF cutoff frequency of 3 Hz would be

A

0.05 sec

43
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate sampling rate that should be used for a HFF setting of 70 Hz., according to ACNS 2016 Guidelines?

A

210 p sec

44
Q

The amount by which the differential amplifier increases the magnitude of the input signal is its

A

Sensitivity

45
Q

Which of the following is the most appropriate sampling rate that should be used for a HFF setting of 70 Hz., according to Nyquist theory?

A

140 p/sec

46
Q

Which of the following instruments magnifies the common-mode boltage difference between two inputs?

A

Differential Amplifier

47
Q

In a differential amplifier, if input 1 received a voltage of +50 microvolts and input 2 a voltage of -100 microvolts, the output voltage and deflection would be approximately

A

150 downward

48
Q

High data sampling rates in a digital EEG machine create

A

Smooth, connected lines

49
Q

Which mathematically converts the time function into a sine wave of different frequencies?

A

Fast Fourier Transform

50
Q

Long Time Constant

A

LFF of .1 Hz

51
Q

Term used to describe the way a signal is sampled at intervals and assined a numberic value:

A

Sampling Rate

52
Q

Which of the following principles best applies to the EEG amplifiers?

A

Common mode rejection

53
Q

Common Mode Rejection

A

Differential amplifier

54
Q

Wigh high frequency filtering, muscle artifact may become distorted and look like

A

beta activity

55
Q

If the Low Frequency Filter is changed from 1 Hz to 5 Hz, how will a 2 Hz slow wave be affected?

A

It will be significantly attenuated

56
Q

What percentage of actual amplitude will be visible of 15 Hz wave when using a HFF setting of 15 Hz?

A

0.7

57
Q

Which of the following settings is most sensitive?

A

2 uV/mm

58
Q

Clipping of the waveforms occurs when:

A

The signal is outside the range of the digitizer

59
Q

Which of the following time constants would best display delta activity?

A

1.0 second

60
Q

Which of the following most closely relates to the ratio of an amplifiers output to input signal?

A

System Gain

61
Q

Increasing the number of seconds displayed on the monitor

A

does not change spike amplitude or duration

62
Q

A 0.5 Hz wave is enhanced without affecting a spike by using

A

LF 0.3 Hz

63
Q

Gradual changes in amplitude, frequency, or spatial distribution of rhythms is know as:

A

Evolution

64
Q

The waveforms contain frequencies as high as 100 hertz. What is the Nyquist sampling rate?

A

> 200 samples/second

65
Q

Signals common to both inputs of a differential amplifier with like frequency, amplitude and phase are:

A

Canceled

66
Q

Input impedance shoud be

A

very high

67
Q

What happens when a 60 cycle sine wave is sampled at 100 hertz?

A

Aliasing

68
Q

EEG amplifiers work on the principles of

A

both differential and amplification

69
Q

2016 ACNS guidelines recommends a CMRR of at least:

A

90 dB

70
Q

What is the specification of the minimum sampling rate used, in relation to the highest frequency signal recorded?

A

Nyquist theory

71
Q

A time constant of 0.5 sec

A

High Pass Filter 0.3 Hz

72
Q

All of the following fators favor cancellation of signals in the two inputs of an amplifier, except

A

unequal impedances in the inputs

73
Q

Frequency Response Curve

A

Filters

74
Q

Low sampling rate may cause fast frequencies to appear slower.

A

Aliasing

75
Q

A 0.3 Hz wave would be attenuated by what percentage with a 0.3 Hz filter?

A

0.3

76
Q

The 60 Hz notch filter will have thegreatest effect on a waveform having a duration of

A

16msec

77
Q

Undersampling

A

Aliasing

78
Q

A device that alters the amplitude of specific frequencies of a signal:

A

Filter

79
Q

Which of the following insturmentation setting change may result in the elimination of cortical spikes?

A

Change the HFF from 70 Hz to 15 Hz

80
Q

Voltage Resolution

A

Analog-to-digital converter

81
Q

2016 ACNS Guidelines recommends a minimum horizontal resolution of:

A

16 bits

82
Q

Which of the following medications would be expected to increase beta frequency activity?

A

Xanax (alprazolam)

83
Q

What is the most common cause of genralized beta?

A

medications

84
Q

Which of the following drugs exhibits the most observable effect on the electroencephalogram?

A

Benzodiazepines

85
Q

A 25 year old female admitted with new onset psychosis was given 3 mg of Ativan prior to EEG recording. How would this medication affect the EEG?

A

Increased beta activity

86
Q

Excessive beta frequency activity may be the result of which of the following?

A

Drug effect

87
Q

At the therapeutic levels, phenytoin causes what kind of EEG findings?

A

No Change

88
Q

Phenobarbital

A

Beta Activity

89
Q

ORDA is commonly seen in children with

A

Absence Seizures

90
Q

Bilateral anterior beta activity is MOST likely to occur with

A

Diazepam

91
Q

Triphasic waves and/or periodic discharges can be present on an EEG due to the toxic effects of which of the following medication?

A

Lithium

92
Q

What is the most prominent clinical feature of Dilantin toxicity?

A

Ataxia

R. EEG T. (2 decks)

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