Edwards Lectures

Question 1

What is arachidonic acid synthesized from?

Answer 1

It is synthesized from fatty acids with lipases. It acts as a precusor for many signaling molecules (thromboxanes, prostaglandins)

Question 2

What is cholesterol synthesized from, and what is it made into?

Answer 2

Made from Cholesterol esters (cholesterol esterase) and converted to steroid hormones (desmolase) and bile salts

Question 3

What are the components fo bile salts

Answer 3

cholic acid & glycis

Question 4

function of plasma lipoproteins (LPL)

Answer 4

transport lipids throughout the blood. Polar surface with proteins, and a very hydrophobic core, rich in TGs and CEs

Question 5

What is the major compoenet of Chylomicons? VLDL? LDL? HDL?

Answer 5

Chylomicrons & VLDL= TGs; LDL: Cholesterol, HDL: low in bad stuff, protective

Question 6

LDL & HDL relationship to CHD

Answer 6

LDL levels correlate strongly with CHD, HDL levels correlate inversely

Question 7

Drug: Eztimibe

Answer 7

Blocks cholesterol absorption by enterocytes

Question 8

Pancreatic lipase

Answer 8

TG to FA + Monoacyl glyceride

Question 9

Cholesterol Esterase

Answer 9

Cholesterol ester to Cholesterol and FA

Question 10

Trace the path of chylomicrons from the intesting

Answer 10

Chylomicrons: from small intestine to capillaries. LPL on adipose and muscle tissue, TG and FFA are delivered to these tissues–> Chylomicron remnants to the liver

Question 11

LPL or ApoCII (Cofactor Deficency (mutation in eaither gene)

Answer 11

Causes Hyperchoomicronemia: xanthomata, pancreatitis, and death. Blood is very rich in CMs

Question 12

How/why can type 1 diabetic exhibit hypertriglyceridemia/chylomicronemia?

Answer 12

LPL levels require insuline, thus LPL activity is reduced in the absence of insulin

Question 13

What happens to fatty acids in muscle?

Answer 13

They undergo beta oxidation to generate ATP

Question 14

What happens to FAs in adipose?

Answer 14

They are resynthesized into TGs for storage

Question 15

Is the chylomicron remnant TG rich or TG poor

Answer 15

TG poor, LPL on muscle and fat, FFAs have been delivered to these tissues.

Question 16

The liver takes up chylomicrons and converts them to this before sending them out…

Answer 16

VLDL, then VLDL is reabs or becomes LDL and is reabs.

Question 17

VLDL is very cholestrol rich. it is hydrolized by LPL and converted to LDL. LDL is…

Answer 17

very cholesterol ester rich, and it provides cholesterol to cells, which is necessary from growth. LDL is cleared, majority is endocytosed by the LDLR on hepatocytes.

Question 18

Statins: how do they work?

Answer 18

Partially inhibit HMG CoA reducatase, which converts acetate to cholesterol (inc acitivity when plasma glucose levels are high), thus there is a decrease intracelluar cholesterol, and this triggers increased transcription of the LDLR gene, so more LDL is cleared from the plasma and taken up int the liver

Question 19

SREBP2?

Answer 19

It is the transcription factor for HMG CoA reducatase. It is activated when plasma cholesterol levels are low and inhibited when they are high. Thus, statins causing lowered plasma cholesterol also increases the activity of the SREBP2 transcription factor and syntehsis of LDLR. s

Question 20

LDLR

Answer 20

Crucial in clearing LDL

Question 21

Familiar hypercholesterolemia

Answer 21

defective LDLR, thus there is high cholesterols in the blood, more LDL is depositied into tissued –> early MI

Question 22

High Cholesterol–> LDLR & HMGCR

Answer 22

High C–> low LDL R and HMGCA, Low C–> High LDLR, high HMGCR; thus regulated cholesterol levels.

Question 23

T/F Statins must be taken for life or cholesterol levels will return to normal

Answer 23

true

Question 24

Statins do not work for famliial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 24

because they do not have normally functionling LDLR, whcih is the main way that statins work, is by upregulating this transporter

Question 25

When statins increase clearance of LDL to the liver, where does the extra cholesterol go?

Answer 25

it is released as bnile.

Question 26

High Cholesterol–> LDLR & HMGCR

Answer 26

High C–> low LDL R and HMGCA, Low C–> High LDLR, high HMGCR; thus regulated cholesterol levels.

Question 27

T/F Statins must be taken for life or cholesterol levels will return to normal

Answer 27

true

Question 28

Statins do not work for famliial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 28

because they do not have normally functionling LDLR, whcih is the main way that statins work, is by upregulating this transporter

Question 29

When statins increase clearance of LDL to the liver, where does the extra cholesterol go?

Answer 29

it is released as bnile.

Question 30

What is arachidonic acid synthesized from?

Answer 30

It is synthesized from fatty acids with lipases. It acts as a precusor for many signaling molecules (thromboxanes, prostaglandins)

Question 31

What is arachidonic acid synthesized from?

Answer 31

It is synthesized from fatty acids with lipases. It acts as a precusor for many signaling molecules (thromboxanes, prostaglandins)