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aqa a level history the tudors > edward vi > Flashcards

edward vi Flashcards

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1
Q

accession of Edward as king

A

9 years old in 1547- crown was insecure

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2
Q

regency council

A

would govern until Edward became of age
- Gardiner and Norfolk = excluded
- 16 members supported by 12 others

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3
Q

religious conservatives in the regency council

A
  • thomas wriothesley- Lord Chancellor
  • william paulet
  • cuthbert turnstall
  • henry fitzalan (12 outer members)
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4
Q

religious reformers in the regency council

A
  • edward seymour
  • Archbishop Cranmer
  • Sir Anthony Denny (MP)
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5
Q

edward seymour becoming lord protector

A

uncle of edward
within days the regency council delegated to seymour
named himself lord protector and duke of somerset

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6
Q

somerset’s supporters

A
  • Archbishop Cranmer
  • Sir William Paget (H8’s private secretary)
  • John Dudley (later Duke of Northumberland)
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7
Q

somerset’s style of govt

A

used members of his own household
controlled PC by appointing his brother-in-law, Sir Michael Stanhope as Groom of the Stool and Chief gentleman of the PC

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8
Q

public’s view of somerset’s government

A

acceptance = uncertain
Cranmer had to publish ‘On Obedience’ to be read in parish churches emphasising that disobedience to the king = mortal sin

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9
Q

somerset’s enemies in government

A

alienated former supporters by his dictatorial arrogant manner
- Wriothesley = dismissed from chancellorship, losing seat on the PC
- Thomas Seymour = conspired with Wriothesley to turn edward against somerset -> charged with treason 1549
- Henry FitzAlan and William Paulet = plotted to unseat somerset

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10
Q

somerset’s weakening position

A

policy failings e.g. poor showing in war with Scotland and mishandling of rebellion in 1549 weakened his position

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11
Q

foreign wars under somerset

A

war with both scotland and france- inherited from H8, threatened security and succession
chose to continue war despite cost- £600,000
hoped to unite through marriage of Mary QoS to Edward

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12
Q

plot to overthrow somerset

A

by autumn 1549- Dudley joined Wriothesley, FitzAlan and Paulet in a plot to remove him

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13
Q

somerset’s arrest

A

arrested on the orders of the Regency Council and surrendered as was promised by Cranmer no treason charges would be pressed
was promptly committed to the ToL

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14
Q

dudley (DoN)’s rise to prominence

A

him and cranmer convinced edward to appoint new religious reformers to the regency council and PC

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15
Q

wriothesley’s attempt to gain power

A

attempted to regain prominence by charging dudley with treason
scheme backfired
dudley had wriothesley and fitzalan placed under house arrest

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16
Q

john dudley becoming lord president of the PC

A

consolidated his power and became LP in 1550
son john married somerset’s daughter anne

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17
Q

somerset’s demise

A

double-dealing led to his re-arrest in 1551 and execution in 1552

18
Q

dudley as duke of northumberland

A

made himself DoN in 1551, but tried to avoid the concentration of power that led to somerset’s downfall

19
Q

northumberland’s govt

A

moved away from conciliar government
had William Paget who tried to draw up new guidelines sent to the ToL in 1551
more pragmatic and capable e.g. put down 1549 rebellions

20
Q

northumberland’s successes

A
  • educated edward in government
  • supported protestant reform and Cranmer’s work
21
Q

northumberland’s failures

A
  • not universally popular
  • power entirely rested on edward’s survival
22
Q

edward’s illness

A

health declined rapidly in 1553- had many successive illnesses until it was evident he was dying

23
Q

succession crisis

A

1544 succession act said mary was his heir- problem as catholicism would be restored and she was female- edward himself didn’t want her as heir

24
Q

northumberland’s solution to the succession crisis

A

encouraged edward to write his ‘devyse on succession’ which named lady Jane Grey
(granddaughter of H8’s sister), his son’s wife as heir
june 1553- elizabeth and mary = declared illegitimate

25
Q

edward’s death and LJG’s accession

A

died 6th July 1553- without parliamentary sanction his ‘devyse’ had no status
nevertheless, northumberland declared LJG as queen on the 9th

26
Q

reaction to LJG’s accession

A

PC initially agreed
but crews on ships sent by northumberland to stop mary from going to london defected, the cause was lost
most of the ruling elites deserted her
LJG and her husband = sent to the tower
Northumberland = executed 1553
LJG = executed 1554

27
Q

battle of pinkie 1547

A

somerset defeated the scots- proved too expensive to garrison border forts + failed to prevent French from relieving Edinburgh
allowed French to take Mary to France in 1548 and get betrothed to the Dauphin

28
Q

somerset’s military strategy

A

costly + unpopular
1549- threatened by a French invasion-Northumberland had to negotiate peace:
- abandoned garrisons in scotland
- returned boulogne to the french
= humiliating

29
Q

religion at the start of his reign

A

changed structurally but not in doctrine
many areas = religious belief has scarcely been touched
policy moved firmly towards protestantism

30
Q

religious changes under somerset

A

= moderate reformer
- 1547 treason act- allowed religious issues = discussed and removed censorship
- 1547- act ending masses for the souls of the dead
- spate of iconoclasm in london, 1538 injunctions against pilgrimages and other practises = reissued
- 1549- Cranmer’s prayer book enforced by Act of Uniformity

31
Q

reasons for northumberland’s more radical change

A
  • cranmer = more radical (evidence = 1552 prayer book)
  • edward’s growing influence = saw mission to destroy idolatry
  • more radical senior clergy e.g. Nicholas Ridley
  • continental reformers = in england
32
Q

religious change under northumberland

A
  • removal of altars + reform of services to be lutheran/calvinist
  • 1552 book of common prayer + 2nd act of uniformity removed remaining conservative ceremonies + gave protestant form of practises e.g. baptism and confirmation (eliminated ambiguity present in the 1549 ver)
  • banned vestments
  • restricted church music
  • 42 articles 1553- official protestant statement of doctrine (never implemented)
33
Q

impact of religious changes

A
  • plainer services, trad practises declined
  • 1550 Hooper admitted the pace of reform was limited by the uncooperative public
  • loss of charitable functions of monasteries and chantries- less care for the ill or provision of education
34
Q

economic situation in 1547

A
  • high unemployment
  • growth of pop
  • increasing enclosure
  • fall in demand for english cloth
35
Q

steps to address economic situation

A

somerset:
- proclaimed against enclosure + sheep tax (only affected small farmers)
- debasement of coinage (-> further inflation)
Northumberland:
- commission to improve royal financial admin (took time)

36
Q

western (prayer book) rebellion 1549

A

catalyst = new book of common prayer + sheep tax
besieged exeter but defeated by lord russell

37
Q

kett rebellion 1549 (summer)

A

rebels led by Kett captured Norwich
causes:
- hatred of local officials
- anti-enclosure
- local frustration at the Howards
somerset = forced to send an army under the leadership of dudley
brutally suppressed, kett = hanged

38
Q

other 1549 risings

A

motivated by:
- inflation and high food prices
- religious grievances
- resentment of taxation

39
Q

threat of the rebellions

A
  • died out quickly- insufficient support/action of local gentry
  • led to fall of somerset
    Northumberland tried to fix situation by:
  • ending wars
  • reorganising financial admin
    – poor law 1552- created ‘collector of alms’ in each parish who registered those available for poor relief
40
Q

intellectual developments under edward

A

contest between christian humanism and more radical protestants- both sides published tracts

41
Q

moderate intellectuals

A
  • gardiner
  • influences cranmer
  • cecil
42
Q

intellectual reformers

A
  • hugh latimer (court preacher 47-50)
  • john hooper
    ed’s death destroyed both contending groups

aqa a level history the tudors (5 decks)

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