Edward I Flashcards
Reign of Edward I
1272 - 1307
When did Edward leave for crusade and leave his kingdom to advisors
1269 - 1274
How did Edward try to revive royal rights?
Statues such as Westminster, Quo Warranto and Mortmain
Quia Emportores and De Donis
Why did Edward try to conquer Wales
- Wanted to bring nobility together through a common enterprise
- The idea that the king had rights over Scotland, Ireland and Wales
- Created solidarity between him and his nobles
- Rewards were not over generous (large lands to Lincoln and Warwick) (forget about Hereford and Gloucester)
1290s: What monumental castle building happened during Edwards’s reign?
Aberystwyth, Conway, Holt
1290s: What did Edward do to fulfil his role as the arbiter of Europe?
- Worked out a peace treaty between Charles of Anjou and Peter of Aragon, regarding control over Sicily
- Also helped issues between the battling rulers of Brabant, Guelders, and Holland
When was Gascony confiscated by Philip IV?
1294
Why did Wales revolt in 1294?
- They were not impressed with restrictions and having to pay for the monumental castle building
Why did Scotland revolt in 1296?
- After the abdication of John Balliol
What was the total war expenditure from 1294 - 1298?
£750,000
Why did the foreign problems of 1290 create initial support for Edward?
- There were many memories of Welsh victories, and England’s rights in Scotland and France
- Edward was granted taxes by parliament for three years in a row
What was the crisis with the Church 1297 - 98?
- Edward taxed their assessed income and attempted to seize their wealth
- Boniface VIII forbade the clergy to pay any more taxes to the king
- This was done through the papal bull Clericis Laicos, which meant taxes couldn’t be paid without papal consent
- Edward outlawed the clergy, and they would only be brought back if they paid a fine equal to the sums they owed
- In July 1297 they made peace
- August 1297 clergy agreed that such levels couldn’t be taken without papal consent
- Edward placed a new tax on the clergy
Why did Edward’s nobles refuse to serve with him in 1297?
- If they had £20 lands p.a then they had to show
- Norfolk and Bohun refused to fight as they felt there was a lack of feudal summons
What happened after the parliament of July 1297?
- Refused to call parliament but placed a tax without the whole consent of parliament
- Norfolk and Hereford appeared at the exchequer and forbade the tax
- Divide between the king and the higher nobility
What were the Charters if 1297?
- The king promised there would be no further taxation
- The document did patch up relations between the king and his nobles
Where did Edward go for taxes?
Instead of going to the commons, he relied on the Italian banks and tradesmen
- He ran the country on debt
What was the amount of debt he left?
£200,000
